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=== First World War === | === First World War === | ||
On 28 June 1914 [[Gavrilo Princip]] assassinated the heir to the Austrian throne, Archduke [[Franz Ferdinand]], during a visit to [[Sarajevo]], Bosnia. Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the assassination as the assassin happened to be a [[Bosnian Serbs|Bosnian Serb]], taking the opportunity to attack Serbia it had been waiting for. On 23 July the Dual Monarchy sent an absurdly harsh ultimatum to Serbia and unsatisfied with the Serbian response, attacked Serbia on 28 July. This set off a chains of events in which all the great powers declared war on each other, setting fire to the tension between the European empires that had brewing for decades and beginning the First World War.<ref name=": | On 28 June 1914 [[Gavrilo Princip]] assassinated the heir to the Austrian throne, Archduke [[Franz Ferdinand]], during a visit to [[Sarajevo]], Bosnia. Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the assassination as the assassin happened to be a [[Bosnian Serbs|Bosnian Serb]], taking the opportunity to attack Serbia it had been waiting for. On 23 July the Dual Monarchy sent an absurdly harsh ultimatum to Serbia and unsatisfied with the Serbian response, attacked Serbia on 28 July. This set off a chains of events in which all the great powers declared war on each other, setting fire to the tension between the European empires that had brewing for decades and beginning the First World War.<ref name=":022223">{{Citation|author=Neil Faulkner|year=2013|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals|chapter=Imperialism and War|page=182-184|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9781849648639|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref> | ||
Fighting on the side of the Central Powers alongside Germany, Austria-Hungary performed poorly in the war losing battles from the outset. In August and September 1914, the Russians routed the Austrian army in the battle of Galicia with a further breakthrough by the Russian army in June-August 1916 leading to further defeats. From 1916 onwards the Dual Monarchy only grew more exhausted with a failing economy and civil unrest rising rapidly, particularly among the oppressed minorities.<ref name=":1" /> | Fighting on the side of the Central Powers alongside Germany, Austria-Hungary performed poorly in the war losing battles from the outset. In August and September 1914, the Russians routed the Austrian army in the battle of Galicia with a further breakthrough by the Russian army in June-August 1916 leading to further defeats. From 1916 onwards the Dual Monarchy only grew more exhausted with a failing economy and civil unrest rising rapidly, particularly among the oppressed minorities.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
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== Demographics == | == Demographics == | ||
Austria-Hungary contained 12 million [[Republic of Austria|Austrians]], 10 million [[Hungary|Hungarians]], 6.6 million [[Czech Republic|Czechs]], 5 million [[Republic of Poland|Poles]], 4 million [[Ukraine|Ukrainians]], 3.2 million [[Republic of Croatia|Croats]], 2.9 million [[Romania|Romanians]], 2 million [[Slovak Republic|Slovaks]], 1.3 million [[Republic of Slovenia|Slovenes]], and 700,000 [[Italian Republic|Italians]].<ref name=": | Austria-Hungary contained 12 million [[Republic of Austria|Austrians]], 10 million [[Hungary|Hungarians]], 6.6 million [[Czech Republic|Czechs]], 5 million [[Republic of Poland|Poles]], 4 million [[Ukraine|Ukrainians]], 3.2 million [[Republic of Croatia|Croats]], 2.9 million [[Romania|Romanians]], 2 million [[Slovak Republic|Slovaks]], 1.3 million [[Republic of Slovenia|Slovenes]], and 700,000 [[Italian Republic|Italians]].<ref name=":02222">{{Citation|author=Neil Faulkner|year=2013|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals|chapter=Imperialism and War|page=183|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9781849648639|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == |