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| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|3|5|1954|7|28|df=yes}} | | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|3|5|1954|7|28|df=yes}} | ||
| death_place = Caracas, [[Venezuela]] | | death_place = Caracas, [[Venezuela]] | ||
| political_line = [[Chavismo]]<br>[[ | | political_line = [[Chavismo]]<br>[[Anti-imperialism]]<br>[[Democratic socialism]] | ||
| political_party= | | political_party=[[United Socialist Party of Venezuela]]}} | ||
'''Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías''' (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela|Venezuelan]] military official, politician and President of the [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela]] from 1999 until his death | '''Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías''' (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela|Venezuelan]] military official, politician and President of the [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela]] from 1999 until his death. His profound [[Socialism|socialist]] and [[Latin American integration|integrationist]] ideas inherited from the thought of [[Simón Bolívar]] and [[Francisco de Miranda]] made him the undisputed leader of the [[Bolivarian Revolution]]. | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Chávez was born in Sabaneta in | Chávez was born in Sabaneta in Barinas state in the plains of Venezuela. Both of his parents were primary school teachers.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Tricontinental]]|title=The Strategic Revolutionary Thought and Legacy of Hugo Chávez Ten Years After His Death|date=2023-02-28|url=https://thetricontinental.org/dossier-61-chavez/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429215204/https://thetricontinental.org/dossier-61-chavez/|archive-date=2023-04-29}}</ref> | ||
== Military career == | == Military career == | ||
In 1982, Chávez and a group of his comrades in the military formed the [[Bolivarian Revolutionary Army 2000]]. In 1983, he renamed it to the Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement 200, named for the 200th birthday of Simón Bolívar. The MBR-200 was inspired by Bolívar, [[Simón Rodríguez]], and [[Ezequiel Zamora]]. In February 1992, Chávez tried to overthrow the Venezuelan government but failed.<ref name=":0" /> | In 1982, Chávez and a group of his comrades in the military formed the [[Bolivarian Revolutionary Army 2000]]. In 1983, he renamed it to the Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement 200, named for the 200th birthday of Simón Bolívar. The MBR-200 was inspired by Bolívar, [[Simón Rodríguez]], and [[Ezequiel Zamora]]. In February 1992, Chávez tried to overthrow the Venezuelan government but failed.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
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In the presidential elections of the December 3, 2006, he was reelected president with a major lead, gaining more than seven million votes (62.84%) compared to the 36.90% achieved by the opposition candidate Manuel Rosales, who recognized the result that night. In October 2012, Chávez again won the presidential elections in his country, this time defeating Henrique Capriles, governor of the state of Miranda and candidate of the opposition coalition, with 55% of the votes. | In the presidential elections of the December 3, 2006, he was reelected president with a major lead, gaining more than seven million votes (62.84%) compared to the 36.90% achieved by the opposition candidate Manuel Rosales, who recognized the result that night. In October 2012, Chávez again won the presidential elections in his country, this time defeating Henrique Capriles, governor of the state of Miranda and candidate of the opposition coalition, with 55% of the votes. | ||
In 2004, Venezuela began a system of | In 2004, Venezuela began a system of missions to address [[poverty]], [[illiteracy]], and housing issues. On 15 August 2004, the opposition tried to oust Chávez through a recall referendum.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Third term (2007–2013) === | === Third term (2007–2013) === | ||
In 2007, Chávez met with [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Lula da Silva]], [[Evo Morales]], [[Néstor Kirchner]], and [[Rafael Correa]] to sign a treaty creating the [[Bank of the South]] to unite the economies of [[Latin America]] against [[United States imperialism|U.S. imperialism]]. The launch of the bank was prevented by a series of right-wing coups beginning in [[Republic of Honduras|Honduras]] in 2009. The United States also sabotaged UNASUR, which was founded in 2008 and became operational in 2011. After Chávez's death, Lula plans to strengthen these institutions.<ref>{{Web citation|date=2022-12-01|title=Latin America’s plan to challenge US dollar with new currency and ‘regional financial architecture’|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/01/latin-america-us-dollar-currency/|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202011312/https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/01/latin-america-us-dollar-currency/|archive-date=2022-12-02|retrieved=2022-12-04|author=[[Ben Norton]]}}</ref> | In 2007, Chávez met with [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Lula da Silva]], [[Evo Morales]], [[Néstor Kirchner]], and [[Rafael Correa]] to sign a treaty creating the [[Bank of the South]] to unite the economies of [[Latin America]] against [[United States imperialism|U.S. imperialism]]. The launch of the bank was prevented by a series of right-wing coups beginning in [[Republic of Honduras|Honduras]] in 2009. The United States also sabotaged UNASUR, which was founded in 2008 and became operational in 2011. After Chávez's death, Lula plans to strengthen these institutions.<ref>{{Web citation|date=2022-12-01|title=Latin America’s plan to challenge US dollar with new currency and ‘regional financial architecture’|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/01/latin-america-us-dollar-currency/|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202011312/https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/01/latin-america-us-dollar-currency/|archive-date=2022-12-02|retrieved=2022-12-04|author=[[Ben Norton]]}}</ref> | ||
=== Fourth term (2013) === | === Fourth term (2013) === | ||
== Death == | == Death == |