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== History == | == History == | ||
=== | === Foundation === | ||
Andreas Papandreou founded PASOK along with other anti-Junta resistance members in 1974. | Andreas Papandreou founded PASOK along with other anti-Junta resistance members in 1974. | ||
== Governments == | == Governments == | ||
=== Papandreou Governments (1981-1989, 1993-1996) === | === Papandreou Governments (1981-1989, 1993-1996) === | ||
PASOK won the 1981 elections by 48% | PASOK won the 1981 elections by over 48%. | ||
During Papandreou's first two terms, many significant changes happened, even though Greece remained a [[Dictatorship of the bourgeoisie|bourgeois republic]]. Some enterprises were [[Nationalization|nationalized]] during this time and as such, the public sector was expanded. Communists that fought with KKE's side in the Greek Civil War were allowed to return in Greece and received special pensions. | During Papandreou's first two terms, many significant changes happened, even though Greece remained a [[Dictatorship of the bourgeoisie|bourgeois republic]]. Some enterprises were [[Nationalization|nationalized]] during this time and as such, the public sector was expanded. Communists that fought with KKE's side in the Greek Civil War were allowed to return in Greece and received special pensions. A [[Universal healthcare|free and universal healthcare system]] was established during the 80s, whereas living conditions improved, as the purchase power of Greeks increased by 26% during the course of the decade. [[Trade union|Trade unions]] and work counclis also received rights, shops had fixed opening and closing times, and social security was established. Safety and education were also improved during this time. A more progressive taxation was introduced. Finally, parental leave was introduced, albeit in a limited scale. | ||
During this time, Papandreou tried to pull Greece out of NATO and the EU but failed, as the majority of the party supported to remain in both. However, he did challenge the US imperialist narrative and somewhat de-puppetize Greece.<ref name=":13">{{Web citation|author=John C. Loulis|newspaper=Foreign Affairs Magazine|title=Papandreou's Foreign Policy|date=1984-12-01|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029202002/http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19841201faessay8413/john-c-loulis/papandreou-s-foreign-policy.html|archive-url=http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19841201faessay8413/john-c-loulis/papandreou-s-foreign-policy.html|archive-date=2008-10-29|retrieved=2014-02-23}}</ref> He also condemned [[State of Israel|"Israel"]]'s policies in the occupied [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] territories. However, he supported a two-state solution and not an entirely free Palestine.<ref name=":14">{{Web citation|author=Spyros Kaminaris|newspaper=Middle East Review of International Affairs|title=Greece and the Middle East|date=1999-06|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201100748/http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1999/issue2/jv3n2a4.html|archive-url=http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1999/issue2/jv3n2a4.html|archive-date=2012-02-01}}</ref> | During this time, Papandreou tried to pull Greece out of NATO and the EU but failed, as the majority of the party supported to remain in both. However, he did challenge the US imperialist narrative and somewhat de-puppetize Greece.<ref name=":13">{{Web citation|author=John C. Loulis|newspaper=Foreign Affairs Magazine|title=Papandreou's Foreign Policy|date=1984-12-01|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029202002/http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19841201faessay8413/john-c-loulis/papandreou-s-foreign-policy.html|archive-url=http://www.foreignaffairs.org/19841201faessay8413/john-c-loulis/papandreou-s-foreign-policy.html|archive-date=2008-10-29|retrieved=2014-02-23}}</ref> He also condemned [[State of Israel|"Israel"]]'s policies in the occupied [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] territories. However, he supported a two-state solution and not an entirely free Palestine.<ref name=":14">{{Web citation|author=Spyros Kaminaris|newspaper=Middle East Review of International Affairs|title=Greece and the Middle East|date=1999-06|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201100748/http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1999/issue2/jv3n2a4.html|archive-url=http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/1999/issue2/jv3n2a4.html|archive-date=2012-02-01}}</ref> | ||
Andreas Papandreou got re-elected in 1993, but passed away in 1996 and got succeeded by the new president of PASOK, Costas Simitis. | |||
=== Simitis Governments (1996-2004) === | === Simitis Governments (1996-2004) === | ||
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=== Papandreou Jr. Government (2009-2011) === | === Papandreou Jr. Government (2009-2011) === | ||
Karamanlis resigned in 2009, as the | Karamanlis resigned in 2009, as the CIA plotted to assassinate him, as he planned the participation of Greece in the construction of South Stream, a [[Russian Federation|Russian]] gas pipeline connecting Burgas with Alexandroupoli.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=CNN (although the sources for the claim are provided by Russian State Television)|title=Ντοκιμαντέρ για το σχέδιο δολοφονίας του Κώστα Καραμανλή έπαιξε η ρωσική τηλεόραση (vid)|url=https://www.cnn.gr/kosmos/story/102050/ntokimanter-gia-to-sxedio-dolofonias-toy-kosta-karamanli-epaixe-i-rosiki-tileorasi-vid}}</ref> In order to lose the elections, he told people the actual economic state of Greece and proclaimed austerity measures, whereas PASOK leader George Papandreou (the son of Andreas Papandreou), proclaimed social expenditures that Greece could not actually afford. This led to a financial crisis. | ||
The social expenditures that Papandreou proclaimed caused a deficit in the Greek economy, which made Greece turn to the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] to get a loan. IMF required Greece to take harsh austerity measures. | The social expenditures that Papandreou proclaimed caused a deficit in the Greek economy, which made Greece turn to the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]] to get a loan. IMF required Greece to take harsh austerity measures. | ||
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The first austerity package got approved on 9 February 2010. It froze all wages of government employees, cut 10% of bonuses and overtime workers' and public employees wages and work-related travel subsidies. <ref>{{Web citation|title=Πάγωμα μισθών και περικοπές επιδομάτων ανακοίνωσε η κυβέρνηση|publisher=enet.gr|trans-title=Government announced cuts and a freeze in salaries|url=http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=130472|date=9 February 2010|access-date=14 August 2011}}</ref> | The first austerity package got approved on 9 February 2010. It froze all wages of government employees, cut 10% of bonuses and overtime workers' and public employees wages and work-related travel subsidies. <ref>{{Web citation|title=Πάγωμα μισθών και περικοπές επιδομάτων ανακοίνωσε η κυβέρνηση|publisher=enet.gr|trans-title=Government announced cuts and a freeze in salaries|url=http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=130472|date=9 February 2010|access-date=14 August 2011}}</ref> | ||
Another austerity package was approved just a month later, in March 2010. <ref | Another austerity package was approved just a month later, in March 2010. <ref>{{Web citation|title=Αξέχαστη (!) και δυσοίωνη η 3η Μαρτίου|publisher=enet.gr|trans-title=An unforgettable (!) and ominous 3 March|url=http://www.enet.gr/?i=issue.el.home&date=04/03/2010&id=137789|date=4 March 2010|access-date=14 August 2011}}</ref> On 2 May 2010, the first IMF/EU loan known as the First Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece and commonly referred to as the "first memorandum" got signed, after a request on 23 April of the same year. <ref>{{Web citation|title=Greece, Out of Ideas, Requests Global Aid|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/24/business/global/24drachma.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=11 August 2013|first1=Niki|last1=Kitsantonis|first2=Matthew|last2=Saltmarsh|date=23 April 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Web citation|title=EU, IMF agree $147 billion bailout for Greece|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eurozone-idUSTRE6400PJ20100502|work=Reuters|access-date=11 August 2013|date=2 May 2010}}</ref> The European Commission, European Central Bank and the IMF formed the so-called Troika. These measures led to massive protests in Greece and the rise of the so-called anti-austerity movement. 2 days after the memorandum got signed, massive protests happened where 3 people died during the arson of a bank.<ref>{{Web citation|title=The Greek spirit of resistance turns its guns on the IMF|date=2010-05-08|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/may/09/greece-debt-crisis-euro-imf|access-date=2022-12-09|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> | ||
Another austerity package was approved by the Parliament in 6 May 2010, privatizing 4,000 companies, cutting wages and pensions and increasing taxes. <ref>{{Web citation|title=Greek Bailout Talks Could Take Three Weeks|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-04-20/greek-bailout-talks-could-take-three-weeks-bond-payment-looms.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422033111/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-04-20/greek-bailout-talks-could-take-three-weeks-bond-payment-looms.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 22, 2010}}</ref> | Another austerity package was approved by the Parliament in 6 May 2010, privatizing 4,000 companies, cutting wages and pensions and increasing taxes. <ref>{{Web citation|title=Greek Bailout Talks Could Take Three Weeks|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-04-20/greek-bailout-talks-could-take-three-weeks-bond-payment-looms.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422033111/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-04-20/greek-bailout-talks-could-take-three-weeks-bond-payment-looms.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 22, 2010}}</ref> | ||
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=== Papademos Unity Government (2011-2012) === | === Papademos Unity Government (2011-2012) === | ||
Papandreou resigned on 11 November 2011, due to the protests that happened. A provisional government was formed, led by [[Lucas Papademos]]. PASOK participated in the unity government, along with New Democracy and LAOS. | Papandreou resigned on 11 November 2011, due to the protests that happened. A provisional government was formed, led by [[Lucas Papademos]]. PASOK participated in the unity government, along with [[New Democracy (political party in the Hellenic Republic)|New Democracy]] and LAOS. | ||
In February 2012, another wave of protests started against the provisional government, since in the 13th day of the same month the parliament approved the sixth package of austerity measures. In fact, the passing of the austerity measures was a precondition for the next €130 billion lending package from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund to the Greek government, without which the country would have faced sovereign default by 20 March. The Second Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece, usually referred to as the "second memorandum" was signed in 1 March. In 20 March, the government finally announced they had defaulted and had rejected another package from Brussels Bailout and were starting to reform the system. On 5 April, people once again demonstrated against the government after a pensioner named Dimitris Christoulas committed suicide by shooting himself, refusing to share the fate of those people who have had to search for food in garbage. | In February 2012, another wave of protests started against the provisional government, since in the 13th day of the same month the parliament approved the sixth package of austerity measures. In fact, the passing of the austerity measures was a precondition for the next €130 billion lending package from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund to the Greek government, without which the country would have faced sovereign default by 20 March. The Second Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece, usually referred to as the "second memorandum" was signed in 1 March. In 20 March, the government finally announced they had defaulted and had rejected another package from Brussels Bailout and were starting to reform the system. On 5 April, people once again demonstrated against the government after a pensioner named Dimitris Christoulas committed suicide by shooting himself, refusing to share the fate of those people who have had to search for food in garbage. | ||
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=== Collaboration with Samaras Government (2012-2015) === | === Collaboration with Samaras Government (2012-2015) === | ||
In May 2012, elections happened, but no government was formed, so new elections happened in June. New Democracy | In May 2012, elections happened, but no government was formed, so new elections happened in June. New Democracy (the first party, acquiring almost 30% of the votes), PASOK (having fallen at less than 12.3%) and Democratic Left (a social democratic party, which took 6.25% of the votes), formed the government. [[Coalition of the Radical Left – Progressive Alliance|Syriza]] came second with almost 26.9% of the votes and was the main opposition party. However, the [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazi]] [[Popular Association – Golden Dawn|Golden Dawn]] party received more than 6.97% of the votes (from 0.29% in 2009) entering the Parliament for the first time. KKE was crippled at 4.5% and became the seventh (and last) party to enter the parliament, even though it received almost 4% more in the May 2012 elections. | ||
As such, [[Antonis Samaras]] became the new Prime Minister. | As such, [[Antonis Samaras]] became the new Prime Minister. | ||
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However, with the help of EBU initially, ERT's employees, now integrated into the ERT Open initiative, continued to broadcast two of the three channels (NET and ET3) via Internet and satellite signals, and even reopened some analog transmitters. On 24 October, EBU ceased its aid to ERT and as such most signals ceased. ERT continued to broadcast via Internet only. On 7 November, police invaded the Radio Hall (prosecuting 4 people) and later that day, NET ceased broadcasting. Until its reopening on 11 June 2015, ET3 and some radio stations were the only services that never stopped broadcasting. | However, with the help of EBU initially, ERT's employees, now integrated into the ERT Open initiative, continued to broadcast two of the three channels (NET and ET3) via Internet and satellite signals, and even reopened some analog transmitters. On 24 October, EBU ceased its aid to ERT and as such most signals ceased. ERT continued to broadcast via Internet only. On 7 November, police invaded the Radio Hall (prosecuting 4 people) and later that day, NET ceased broadcasting. Until its reopening on 11 June 2015, ET3 and some radio stations were the only services that never stopped broadcasting. | ||
Democratic Left exited the coalition because of this decision | Democratic Left exited the coalition because of this decision. | ||
In place of ERT, a new organization, NERIT, was expected to start broadcasting on 29 August. However, a transitional and terribly designed one, called Public Television was launched on 10 July instead and got replaced by NERIT on 4 May 2014. | In place of ERT, a new organization, NERIT, was expected to start broadcasting on 29 August. However, a transitional and terribly designed one, called Public Television was launched on 10 July instead and got replaced by NERIT on 4 May 2014. | ||
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[[Category:Social democratic parties]] | [[Category:Social democratic parties]] | ||
[[Category:Imperialist political parties]] | [[Category:Imperialist political parties]] | ||