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{{Infobox political party|name=Communist Party of India|native_name=भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|logo=CPI flag.png|founded=17 October 1920|general_secretary=[[D. Raja]]|youth_wing=All India Youth Federation| | {{Infobox political party|name=Communist Party of India|native_name=भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|logo=CPI flag.png|founded=17 October 1920|general_secretary=[[D. Raja]]|youth_wing=All India Youth Federation|political_orientation=[[Marxism]]<br/>[[Parliamentarism]]<br/>[[Reformism]]<br/> | ||
Formerly:<br/>[[Marxism-Leninism]]|website=https://www.communistparty.in/}}{{Communist Parties}} | |||
The '''Communist Party of India''' ('''CPI''') is a parliamentary communist political party in [[Republic of India|India]]. It is the oldest [[communist party]] of the country. | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
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In April 1930, revolutionaries raided an armoury in [[Chittagong]]. They were considered terrorists by the British and [[Bhagat Singh]] and his associates were hanged. Over 400 more were imprisoned on the [[Andaman Islands]], many of whom joined the CPI. In July 1934, the party was banned but it continued its activities. After the party was banned, the [[Congress Socialist Party]] was founded with [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] as its first general secretary. In 1935, delegates from the CPI participated in the seventh congress of the [[Communist International (1919–1943)|Comintern]].<ref name=":0" /> | In April 1930, revolutionaries raided an armoury in [[Chittagong]]. They were considered terrorists by the British and [[Bhagat Singh]] and his associates were hanged. Over 400 more were imprisoned on the [[Andaman Islands]], many of whom joined the CPI. In July 1934, the party was banned but it continued its activities. After the party was banned, the [[Congress Socialist Party]] was founded with [[Jayaprakash Narayan]] as its first general secretary. In 1935, delegates from the CPI participated in the seventh congress of the [[Communist International (1919–1943)|Comintern]].<ref name=":0" /> | ||
=== Second World War === | |||
The CPI initially opposed Indian involvement in the [[Second World War]]. The British arrested most of the party leadership by 1941. After [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]] invaded the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]], the CPI supported Soviet resistance against the Nazis and demanded the destruction of [[fascism]]. The British lifted the ban on the CPI in 1942.<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Tricontinental]]|title=One Hundred Years of the Communist Movement in India|date=2020-09-01|url=https://thetricontinental.org/dossier-32-communist-movement-in-india/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331190126/https://thetricontinental.org/dossier-32-communist-movement-in-india/|archive-date=2022-03-31|retrieved=2022-11-12}}</ref> | |||
=== Postwar period === | |||
From 1946 to 1950, the CPI led a [[Peasantry|peasant]] struggle against [[Feudalism|feudal]] [[Landlord|landlords]] in Bengal. At the same time, it rebelled against the Nizam who ruled the princely state of [[Telangana]] as a comprador. At the peak of the struggle, the CPI controlled 3,000 villages with a total population of over three million. This struggle led to land redistribution, higher wages, and the abolition of forced labor. In 1951, the Indian army put down the rebellion, killing 4,000 people.<ref name=":1" /> | |||
In 1957, the CPI ended its official support for the Soviet Union.<ref name=":0222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2017|title=Red Star over the Third World|chapter=Polycentric Communism|page=119–120|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf|city=New Delhi|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref> | |||
=== Split === | |||
In 1964, the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] split from the CPI. The CPI supported working with the post-independence government of [[Jawaharlal Nehru]], which used [[State capitalism|economic planning]] and had an [[Anti-imperialism|anti-imperialist]] foreign policy, while the CPI(M) refused to cooperate with them. In 1969, other communists formed the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|CPI(ML)]] which advocated for armed struggle against [[capitalism]].<ref name=":1" /> | |||
== Political Stances == | |||
=== Kashmiri Self-Determination === | |||
{{Main article|Kashmir Dispute}} | |||
In 1955, CPI leader [[Ajoy Ghosh]] rejected the Marxist position of Kashmiri [[self-determination]] and provided "wholehearted support" to the Indian annexation of Kashmir with the belief that it would strengthen Indian [[liberal democracy]] and pave the way for a revolution.<ref name=":69">{{Web citation|author=[[Faizaan Bhat]]|newspaper=[[Maktoob]]|year=2022|title= | |||
Paradox of Communism in Kashmir|quote=CPI took the Indian position on Kashmir, not the Right to Self Determination which communists are known for. CPI leader Ajoy Ghosh writes in a foreword of “Kashmir and its future” on February 25, 1955: “Wholehearted support to the limited accession which Kashmir has made to India……will enormously strengthen the democratic forces in Kashmir.”|url=https://maktoobmedia.com/india/kashmir/paradox-of-communism-in-kashmir/}}</ref> In 1959, CPI officially released a statement declaring Kashmir to be rightful Indian territory. <ref name=":420">{{Web citation|author=[[Faizaan Bhat]]|newspaper=[[Maktoob]]|year=2022|title= | |||
Paradox of Communism in Kashmir|quote=On 23 March 1959, CPI gave this statement to New Age “To deny that Kashmir is part of India is to deny India’s sovereignty over rightful Indian territory and to stick on the march of Mountbatten award.”|url=https://maktoobmedia.com/india/kashmir/paradox-of-communism-in-kashmir/}}</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
[[Category:Communist parties]] | [[Category:Communist parties]] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:10, 2 September 2024
Communist Party of India भारतीय कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General Secretary | D. Raja |
| Founded | 17 October 1920 |
| Youth wing | All India Youth Federation |
| Political orientation | Marxism Parliamentarism Reformism Formerly: Marxism-Leninism |
| Website | |
| https://www.communistparty.in/ | |
| Part of a series on |
| Communist parties |
|---|
The Communist Party of India (CPI) is a parliamentary communist political party in India. It is the oldest communist party of the country.
History[edit | edit source]
Foundation[edit | edit source]
The Communist Party of India was founded on 17 October 1920 in Tashkent, then the capital of the Turkestan ASSR of the Russian SFSR. Only seven people were present at the founding conference. In 1921, a group of communists returning to India from Soviet Russia was arrested in Peshawar. In 1922, the CPI began a publication called the Vanguard of Indian Independence from Berlin. This newspaper was banned by the British and replaced by Mass of India in 1925. In 1923, the first May Day celebration in India was organized by Singaravelu Chettiar.
In December 1925, a meeting of communist groups was held in Kanpur with about 500 delegates. At the congress, Chettiar was elected president and S. V. Ghate and J. P. Bagerhatta were elected general secretaries. Another meeting was held in Mumbai in 1927 and a new constitution was adopted. In 1929, the party congress adopted a resolution for the complete independence of India.[1]
Suppression[edit | edit source]
On 20 March 1929, 31 communist and union leaders from across India were arrested by the British. The group included 13 CPI members as well as members of other communist parties, including two British communists. Their trial in Meerut would last until 1933, when eleven of them were sentenced to prison.
In April 1930, revolutionaries raided an armoury in Chittagong. They were considered terrorists by the British and Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged. Over 400 more were imprisoned on the Andaman Islands, many of whom joined the CPI. In July 1934, the party was banned but it continued its activities. After the party was banned, the Congress Socialist Party was founded with Jayaprakash Narayan as its first general secretary. In 1935, delegates from the CPI participated in the seventh congress of the Comintern.[1]
Second World War[edit | edit source]
The CPI initially opposed Indian involvement in the Second World War. The British arrested most of the party leadership by 1941. After Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union, the CPI supported Soviet resistance against the Nazis and demanded the destruction of fascism. The British lifted the ban on the CPI in 1942.[2]
Postwar period[edit | edit source]
From 1946 to 1950, the CPI led a peasant struggle against feudal landlords in Bengal. At the same time, it rebelled against the Nizam who ruled the princely state of Telangana as a comprador. At the peak of the struggle, the CPI controlled 3,000 villages with a total population of over three million. This struggle led to land redistribution, higher wages, and the abolition of forced labor. In 1951, the Indian army put down the rebellion, killing 4,000 people.[2] In 1957, the CPI ended its official support for the Soviet Union.[3]
Split[edit | edit source]
In 1964, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) split from the CPI. The CPI supported working with the post-independence government of Jawaharlal Nehru, which used economic planning and had an anti-imperialist foreign policy, while the CPI(M) refused to cooperate with them. In 1969, other communists formed the CPI(ML) which advocated for armed struggle against capitalism.[2]
Political Stances[edit | edit source]
Kashmiri Self-Determination[edit | edit source]
See main article: Kashmir Dispute
In 1955, CPI leader Ajoy Ghosh rejected the Marxist position of Kashmiri self-determination and provided "wholehearted support" to the Indian annexation of Kashmir with the belief that it would strengthen Indian liberal democracy and pave the way for a revolution.[4] In 1959, CPI officially released a statement declaring Kashmir to be rightful Indian territory. [5]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Brinda Karat (2020). 100 Years of the Communist Party: 'Formation of CPI, 1920' (pp. 5–30). [PDF]
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "One Hundred Years of the Communist Movement in India" (2020-09-01). Tricontinental. Archived from the original on 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-11-12.
- ↑ Vijay Prashad (2017). Red Star over the Third World: 'Polycentric Communism' (pp. 119–120). [PDF] New Delhi: LeftWord Books.
- ↑ “CPI took the Indian position on Kashmir, not the Right to Self Determination which communists are known for. CPI leader Ajoy Ghosh writes in a foreword of “Kashmir and its future” on February 25, 1955: “Wholehearted support to the limited accession which Kashmir has made to India……will enormously strengthen the democratic forces in Kashmir.””
Faizaan Bhat. "Paradox of Communism in Kashmir" Maktoob. - ↑ “On 23 March 1959, CPI gave this statement to New Age “To deny that Kashmir is part of India is to deny India’s sovereignty over rightful Indian territory and to stick on the march of Mountbatten award.””
Faizaan Bhat. "Paradox of Communism in Kashmir" Maktoob.