Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox settlement|conventional_long_name=Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region|native_name=新疆维吾尔自治区<br>شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى|image_map=Xinjiang map.svg|image_map_size=220px|capital=Ürümqi|largest_city=Ürümqi|settlement_type=Autonomous region|leader_title1=Party Secretary|leader_name1= | {{Infobox settlement|conventional_long_name=Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region|native_name=新疆维吾尔自治区<br>شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى|image_map=Xinjiang map.svg|image_map_size=220px|capital=Ürümqi|largest_city=Ürümqi|settlement_type=Autonomous region|leader_title1=Party Secretary|leader_name1=Ma Xingrui|leader_title2=Standing Committee Director|leader_name2=Xiaokaiti Yiming|leader_title3=People's Government Chair|leader_name3=Xuekelaiti·Zhake'er|population_estimate=25,852,300|population_estimate_year=2020|GDP_nominal=USD $215.63 billion|area_km2=1,664,897|official_languages=Chinese<br>Uyghur}} | ||
The '''Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region''' (Chinese: 新疆维吾尔自治区), also known as '''Xinjiang''' (新疆), or '''XUAR''' is an autonomous region of [[People's Republic of China|China]]. It is a vast region with a very low population density. It contains the Karakoram, Kunlun and Tian Shan mountain ranges, as well as the Taklamakan Desert. | The '''Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region''' (Chinese: 新疆维吾尔自治区), also known as '''Xinjiang''' (新疆), or '''XUAR''' is an autonomous region of [[People's Republic of China|China]]. It is a vast region with a very low population density. It contains the Karakoram, Kunlun and Tian Shan mountain ranges, as well as the Taklamakan Desert. | ||
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=== Ancient history === | === Ancient history === | ||
Xinjiang became part of the [[Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE)|Han dynasty]] in 60 | Xinjiang became part of the [[Han dynasty (202 BCE–220 CE)|Han dynasty]] in 60 BCE. The region has been populated by Han Chinese since this time. | ||
The Uygurs are the descendants of the nomadic Dingling (丁零) tribe in [[Mongolia]]. In 552 CE a clan of the emerging Dingling tribe established a Turkic Khanate in the Dunggar Basin in northern Xinjiang. In 744, the Uygur Alliance led by Guli Pei Luo, with the cooperation of the army of the Tang Dynasty, overthrew the Turkic Khanate and established the Mobei Uyghur Khanate. | |||
=== Terrorism === | === Terrorism === | ||
In 1990, the [[East Turkestan Islamic Movement]] organized its first terrorist attack in Baren Township. The ETIM was designated as a terrorist organization by the [[United Nations|UN]] in 2002 and by the Chinese government in 2003. In July 2009, Islamic extremists caused riots in Ürümqi, killing almost 200 people and injuring over 1,000. In May 2014 in Ürümqi, they drove cars into a crowded marketplace and threw explosives at buildings, killing 39 and injuring 94. In July 2014, Imam [[Juma Tahir]] was assassinated after calling for peace and stability in Xinjiang.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=[[Qiao Collective]]|title=Xinjiang: A Report and Resource Compilation|date=2021-09-21|url=https://www.qiaocollective.com/education/xinjiang|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620004209/https://www.qiaocollective.com/education/xinjiang|archive-date=2022-06-20|retrieved=2022-06-24}}</ref> | In 1990, the [[East Turkestan Islamic Movement]] organized its first terrorist attack in Baren Township. The ETIM was designated as a terrorist organization by the [[United Nations|UN]] in 2002 and by the Chinese government in 2003. In July 2009, Islamic extremists caused riots in Ürümqi, killing almost 200 people and injuring over 1,000. In May 2014 in Ürümqi, they drove cars into a crowded marketplace and threw explosives at buildings, killing 39 and injuring 94. In July 2014, Imam [[Juma Tahir]] was assassinated after calling for peace and stability in Xinjiang.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=[[Qiao Collective]]|title=Xinjiang: A Report and Resource Compilation|date=2021-09-21|url=https://www.qiaocollective.com/education/xinjiang|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620004209/https://www.qiaocollective.com/education/xinjiang|archive-date=2022-06-20|retrieved=2022-06-24}}</ref> | ||
Similar to [[Operation Cyclone]], where the | Similar to [[Operation Cyclone]], where the [[United States of America|USA]] supported Islamic fundamentalism to destabilize the [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|socialist government]] of [[Afghanistan]], the US has supported Islamic fundamentalist separatists in the Xinjiang region of China. China's response to this upsurge of terrorism and separatism has been to [[Xinjiang Vocational Education and Training Centers|construct re-education camps]] which have been decried by the Western press in an effort to accuse China of running "concentration camps" and "death camps." Western countries have signed a letter criticizing China, while a counter-letter was signed by countries in the Muslim World as well as progressive states such as [[Republic of Cuba|Cuba]] and [[Bolivia]] (under the socialist government of [[Evo Morales]], prior to the US-backed coup)<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://orinocotribune.com/beijings-decades-long-policies-in-xinjiang-cia-interference-funding-of-separatist-and-terrorist-groups/ "Beijing’s Decades-Long Policies in Xinjiang, CIA Interference, Funding of Separatist and Terrorist Groups"] by the [[Orinoco Tribune]]</ref> | ||
Today in the | == Demographics == | ||
[[File:Xinjiang ethnic population graph.png|thumb|A graph showing the Han and Uyghur populations in Xinjiang (units are 10,000 people)|alt=|left]]Today in the Xinjiang there are 12.7 million Uygurs, and 9 million Han, and 3.1 million people in other ethnic groups, or 51%, 36%, and 13% respectively.<ref>China Daily (2021) [https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202101/07/WS5ff6a2e4a31024ad0baa1227.html An Analysis Report on Population Change in Xinjiang]</ref> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Revision as of 15:45, 27 November 2022
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 新疆维吾尔自治区 شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى | |
|---|---|
Autonomous region | |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Ürümqi |
| Official languages | Chinese Uyghur |
| Government | |
• Party Secretary | Ma Xingrui |
• Standing Committee Director | Xiaokaiti Yiming |
• People's Government Chair | Xuekelaiti·Zhake'er |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,664,897 km² |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 25,852,300 |
| GDP (nominal) | estimate |
• Total | USD $215.63 billion |
The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Chinese: 新疆维吾尔自治区), also known as Xinjiang (新疆), or XUAR is an autonomous region of China. It is a vast region with a very low population density. It contains the Karakoram, Kunlun and Tian Shan mountain ranges, as well as the Taklamakan Desert.
History
Ancient history
Xinjiang became part of the Han dynasty in 60 BCE. The region has been populated by Han Chinese since this time.
The Uygurs are the descendants of the nomadic Dingling (丁零) tribe in Mongolia. In 552 CE a clan of the emerging Dingling tribe established a Turkic Khanate in the Dunggar Basin in northern Xinjiang. In 744, the Uygur Alliance led by Guli Pei Luo, with the cooperation of the army of the Tang Dynasty, overthrew the Turkic Khanate and established the Mobei Uyghur Khanate.
Terrorism
In 1990, the East Turkestan Islamic Movement organized its first terrorist attack in Baren Township. The ETIM was designated as a terrorist organization by the UN in 2002 and by the Chinese government in 2003. In July 2009, Islamic extremists caused riots in Ürümqi, killing almost 200 people and injuring over 1,000. In May 2014 in Ürümqi, they drove cars into a crowded marketplace and threw explosives at buildings, killing 39 and injuring 94. In July 2014, Imam Juma Tahir was assassinated after calling for peace and stability in Xinjiang.[1]
Similar to Operation Cyclone, where the USA supported Islamic fundamentalism to destabilize the socialist government of Afghanistan, the US has supported Islamic fundamentalist separatists in the Xinjiang region of China. China's response to this upsurge of terrorism and separatism has been to construct re-education camps which have been decried by the Western press in an effort to accuse China of running "concentration camps" and "death camps." Western countries have signed a letter criticizing China, while a counter-letter was signed by countries in the Muslim World as well as progressive states such as Cuba and Bolivia (under the socialist government of Evo Morales, prior to the US-backed coup)[1][2]
Demographics
Today in the Xinjiang there are 12.7 million Uygurs, and 9 million Han, and 3.1 million people in other ethnic groups, or 51%, 36%, and 13% respectively.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Xinjiang: A Report and Resource Compilation" (2021-09-21). Qiao Collective. Archived from the original on 2022-06-20. Retrieved 2022-06-24.
- ↑ "Beijing’s Decades-Long Policies in Xinjiang, CIA Interference, Funding of Separatist and Terrorist Groups" by the Orinoco Tribune
- ↑ China Daily (2021) An Analysis Report on Population Change in Xinjiang