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Arab Republic of Egypt: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox country|name=Arab Republic of Egypt|native_name=جمهورية مصر العربية|capital=[[Cairo]]|largest_city=[[Cairo]]|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Unitary semi-presidential republic|image_map=Egypt map.png|map_width=290|official_languages=Arabic|national_languages=Egyptian Arabic|area_km2=1,010,408|population_estimate=102,674,145|population_estimate_year=2021}}
{{Infobox country|name=Arab Republic of Egypt|native_name=جمهورية مصر العربية|image_flag=Flag of Egypt.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of Egypt.svg|capital=[[Cairo]]|largest_city=[[Cairo]]|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Unitary semi-presidential republic|image_map=Egypt map.png|map_width=260|official_languages=Arabic|national_languages=Egyptian Arabic|area_km2=1,010,408|population_estimate=102,674,145|population_estimate_year=2021}}


'''Egypt''', officially the '''Arab Republic of Egypt''', is a country in [[North Africa]] and [[West Asia]]. The [[United States of America|United States]] is currently involved in a secret proxy war in Egypt codenamed Enigma Hunter.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=[[Monthly Review]]|title=U.S. forces involved in at least 23 proxy wars across the world, new documents suggest|date=2022-07-07|url=https://mronline.org/2022/07/07/u-s-forces-involved-in-at-least-23-proxy-wars-across-the-world-new-documents-suggest/|retrieved=2022-07-13}}</ref>
'''Egypt''', officially the '''Arab Republic of Egypt''', is a country in [[North Africa]] and [[West Asia]]. The [[United States of America|United States]] is currently involved in a secret proxy war in Egypt codenamed Enigma Hunter.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=[[Monthly Review]]|title=U.S. forces involved in at least 23 proxy wars across the world, new documents suggest|date=2022-07-07|url=https://mronline.org/2022/07/07/u-s-forces-involved-in-at-least-23-proxy-wars-across-the-world-new-documents-suggest/|retrieved=2022-07-13}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==
In 1952, the [[Free Officers]] led by [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] organized a nationalist revolution and nationalized the [[Suez Canal]].<ref name=":0">{{News citation|author=Mazda Majidi|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=U.S. imperialism and the coup in Egypt|date=2013-07-20|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/us-imperialism-and-the-coup-html/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714134706/https://www.liberationnews.org/us-imperialism-and-the-coup-html/|archive-date=2019-07-14|retrieved=2022-07-13}}</ref>


=== Nasser period ===
In 1952, the [[Free Officers]] led by [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] organized a nationalist revolution against King [[Farouk]]. They included [[Communism|communists]], nationalists of the [[Wafd Party]], members of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]], and aristocrats who were against the monarchy. Nasser supported [[Anti-colonialism|anti-colonial]] forces in [[People's Democratic Republic of Algeria|Algeria]] and nationalized the [[Suez Canal]]. The USA and [[Europe]] rejected Egypt's request for assistance, so it turned to the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|USSR]].<ref>{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Cairo|page=52|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref>
=== Arab Republic of Egypt ===
In 1977, hundreds of thousands of Egyptians protested against the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]'s removal of food subsidies.<ref name=":1">{{News citation|author=Dejan Kukic|newspaper=[[In Defence of Marxism]]|title=Sisi says “let them eat leaves” as food crisis sharpens class lines in Egypt|date=2022-07-08|url=https://www.marxist.com/sisi-says-let-them-eat-leaves-as-food-crisis-fuels-sharpens-class-lines-in-egypt.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709165928/https://www.marxist.com/sisi-says-let-them-eat-leaves-as-food-crisis-fuels-sharpens-class-lines-in-egypt.htm|archive-date=2022-07-09|retrieved=2022-07-16}}</ref>
In 1977, hundreds of thousands of Egyptians protested against the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]]'s removal of food subsidies.<ref name=":1">{{News citation|author=Dejan Kukic|newspaper=[[In Defence of Marxism]]|title=Sisi says “let them eat leaves” as food crisis sharpens class lines in Egypt|date=2022-07-08|url=https://www.marxist.com/sisi-says-let-them-eat-leaves-as-food-crisis-fuels-sharpens-class-lines-in-egypt.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709165928/https://www.marxist.com/sisi-says-let-them-eat-leaves-as-food-crisis-fuels-sharpens-class-lines-in-egypt.htm|archive-date=2022-07-09|retrieved=2022-07-16}}</ref>


In 2011, millions of people in Egypt rose up to overthrow the U.S.-backed police state led by [[Hosni Mubarak]].<ref name=":0" /> Due to the lack of a revolutionary socialist party, the capitalist [[Muslim Brotherhood]] party took power under [[Mohamed Morsi]].<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=[[Liberation School]]|title=How can we make a revolution? Lessons of Egypt and Occupy|date=2014-07-06|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/can-make-revolution-lessons-egypt-occupy/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505234706/https://www.liberationschool.org/can-make-revolution-lessons-egypt-occupy/|archive-date=2021-05-05|retrieved=2022-07-13}}</ref> Morsi supported U.S. efforts to overthrow [[Bashar al-Assad]] in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]] and passed a new constitution limiting the rights of women and religious minorities.<ref name=":0" />
In 2011, millions of people in Egypt rose up to overthrow the U.S.-backed police state led by [[Hosni Mubarak]].<ref name=":0">{{News citation|author=Mazda Majidi|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=U.S. imperialism and the coup in Egypt|date=2013-07-20|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/us-imperialism-and-the-coup-html/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714134706/https://www.liberationnews.org/us-imperialism-and-the-coup-html/|archive-date=2019-07-14|retrieved=2022-07-13}}</ref> Due to the lack of a revolutionary socialist party, the capitalist Muslim Brotherhood party took power under [[Mohamed Morsi]].<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=[[Liberation School]]|title=How can we make a revolution? Lessons of Egypt and Occupy|date=2014-07-06|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/can-make-revolution-lessons-egypt-occupy/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505234706/https://www.liberationschool.org/can-make-revolution-lessons-egypt-occupy/|archive-date=2021-05-05|retrieved=2022-07-13}}</ref> Morsi supported U.S. efforts to overthrow [[Bashar al-Assad]] in [[Syrian Arab Republic|Syria]] and passed a new constitution limiting the rights of women and religious minorities.<ref name=":0" />


In 2013, General [[Abdel Fattah al-Sisi|Abdul Fatah Saeed el-Sisi]] removed Morsi from power and appointed [[Hazem El Beblawi|Hazem Al Beblawi]] as prime minister. The military has killed almost 100 supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood.<ref name=":0" /> In 2022, General el-Sisi told poor people to "eat leaves" to survive due to food shortages.<ref name=":1" />
In 2013, General [[Abdel Fattah al-Sisi|Abdul Fatah Saeed el-Sisi]] removed Morsi from power and appointed [[Hazem El Beblawi|Hazem Al Beblawi]] as prime minister. The military has killed almost 100 supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood.<ref name=":0" /> In 2022, General el-Sisi told poor people to "eat leaves" to survive due to food shortages.<ref name=":1" />

Revision as of 21:07, 7 January 2023

Arab Republic of Egypt
جمهورية مصر العربية
Flag of Arab Republic of Egypt
Flag
Coat of arms of Arab Republic of Egypt
Coat of arms
Location of Arab Republic of Egypt
Capital
and largest city
Cairo
Official languagesArabic
Recognised national languagesEgyptian Arabic
Dominant mode of productionCapitalism
GovernmentUnitary semi-presidential republic
Area
• Total
1,010,408 km²
Population
• 2021 estimate
102,674,145


Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country in North Africa and West Asia. The United States is currently involved in a secret proxy war in Egypt codenamed Enigma Hunter.[1]

History

Nasser period

In 1952, the Free Officers led by Gamal Abdel Nasser organized a nationalist revolution against King Farouk. They included communists, nationalists of the Wafd Party, members of the Muslim Brotherhood, and aristocrats who were against the monarchy. Nasser supported anti-colonial forces in Algeria and nationalized the Suez Canal. The USA and Europe rejected Egypt's request for assistance, so it turned to the USSR.[2]

Arab Republic of Egypt

In 1977, hundreds of thousands of Egyptians protested against the IMF's removal of food subsidies.[3]

In 2011, millions of people in Egypt rose up to overthrow the U.S.-backed police state led by Hosni Mubarak.[4] Due to the lack of a revolutionary socialist party, the capitalist Muslim Brotherhood party took power under Mohamed Morsi.[5] Morsi supported U.S. efforts to overthrow Bashar al-Assad in Syria and passed a new constitution limiting the rights of women and religious minorities.[4]

In 2013, General Abdul Fatah Saeed el-Sisi removed Morsi from power and appointed Hazem Al Beblawi as prime minister. The military has killed almost 100 supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood.[4] In 2022, General el-Sisi told poor people to "eat leaves" to survive due to food shortages.[3]

References

  1. "U.S. forces involved in at least 23 proxy wars across the world, new documents suggest" (2022-07-07). Monthly Review. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  2. Vijay Prashad (2008). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World: 'Cairo' (p. 52). [PDF] The New Press. ISBN 9781595583420 [LG]
  3. 3.0 3.1 Dejan Kukic (2022-07-08). "Sisi says “let them eat leaves” as food crisis sharpens class lines in Egypt" In Defence of Marxism. Archived from the original on 2022-07-09. Retrieved 2022-07-16.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Mazda Majidi (2013-07-20). "U.S. imperialism and the coup in Egypt" Liberation News. Archived from the original on 2019-07-14. Retrieved 2022-07-13.
  5. "How can we make a revolution? Lessons of Egypt and Occupy" (2014-07-06). Liberation School. Archived from the original on 2021-05-05. Retrieved 2022-07-13.