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Emperor of the French Napoleon Bonaparte Napoléon Bonaparte (French) Napulione Buonaparte (Corsican) | |
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| Born | Napoleone Buonaparte 15 August 1769 Ajaccio, Corsica, Kingdom of France |
| Died | 5 May 1821 Longwood, Saint Helena, British Empire |
| Cause of death | Stomach cancer |
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| Field of study | Military tactics and French politics |
Napoleon Bonaparte (né Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 May 1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica, France – 5 May 1821 in Longwood, Saint Helena, British Empire), also known as Napoleon I or simply Napoleon, was a French military general, leader, and monarch. He was born on the island of Corsica, raising up the ranks of the French Armed Forces. He participated in the French Revolution, later leading the Coup of 18 Brumaire in 1799, establishing himself as a dictator under the title "First Consul of the French Republic". He finally proclaimed himself Emperor of the French in 1804, establishing the French Empire. Napoleon successfully invaded and conquered many of the feudalist powers in Europe, nearly bringing the system to its knees and exporting the bourgeois revolution everywhere he went.[1][2]
The Marxist understanding of Napoleon is divided as some see him as a progressive who brought feudalism to its knees, whilst others say he betrayed the French Revolution by making himself a dictator and later monarch.[3][4] On top of this, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels never wrote on Napoleon, although the former did write about his nephew Louis Napoleon[5] (who himself became Emperor of the French as well). Despite being a progressive force against feudalism, he attempted to recolonise Haiti after the Haitian Revolution.[6]
The Bolsheviks considered Napoleon to be a great revolutionary, stating that "During the Soviet period, the Bolsheviks glorified Napoleon as a revolutionary akin to Lenin, and while that image of him changed after the Soviet collapse, his popularity in some circles remained."[7]
See also
References
- ↑ Jacques Godechot. "Napoleon I - emperor of France" Britannica. Retrieved 2022-7-4.
- ↑ "Napoleon Bonaparte" (2017-4-27). Biography.com. Retrieved 2022-7-4.
- ↑ Napoleon Between War and Revolution
- ↑ The rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte
- ↑ The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte
- ↑ Vijay Prashad (2008). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World: 'Paris' (p. 3). [PDF] The New Press. ISBN 9781595583420 [LG]
- ↑ Napoleon in Russia: invader turned icon