The 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党第十一次全国代表大会) was held in Beijing from August 12th to 18th, 1977. There were 1,510 delegates who were supposed to attend the meeting. Liu Bocheng and other 8 comrades who were unable to attend the preparatory meeting due to sick leave, therefore 1,502 delegates actually attended the meeting. It represents more than 35 million party members across the country. Hua Guofeng made a political report, Ye Jianying made a "Report on Amending the Party's Constitution", and Deng Xiaoping made a closing speech. The Congress declared that the 10-year "Cultural Revolution" had come to an end, and reiterated the task of building a modern and powerful socialist country, but it failed to correct the "Left" erroneous theories, policies and slogans of the "Cultural Revolution". The Congress passed the revised "Constitution of the Communist Party of China", "Resolution on the Political Report", and "Resolution on the Report on Revising the Party's Constitution". The Congress elected a Central Committee consisting of 201 members and 132 alternate members. The first plenary session of the Eleventh Central Committee that followed elected the Central Political Bureau and its Standing Committee. Hua Guofeng was elected as the chairman of the Central Committee, and Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian, and Wang Dongxing were elected as vice-chairmen.[1] Chairman Hua Guofeng presided over the meeting. The congress held a preparatory meeting on August 11. The meeting elected 223 representatives to form the presidium of the meeting. Comrade Hua Guofeng was elected as the Chairman of the Presidium, Comrades Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian, and Wang Dongxing were elected as Vice-Chairmen of the Presidium, and Comrade Wang Dongxing was also the Secretary-General of the Presidium.[2]
Agenda
The preparatory meeting unanimously adopted three agenda items for the conference proposed by the Third Plenary Session of the Tenth Central Committee: (1) the political report of the Central Committee; (2) the report on amending the constitution; (3) elections. The meeting unanimously approved the review report of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on the qualifications of representatives to the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China made by Comrade Wang Dongxing. The report stated that after review, all representative qualifications were valid.[2]
Opening
At 3:30 pm on August 12th, the conference was grandly opened in the Great Hall of the People. When the wise leader Chairman Hua, Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping, Li Xiannian, and Vice Chairman Wang Dongxing stepped onto the rostrum, the audience stood up, and the applause was thunderous and prolonged. Chairman Hua Guofeng announced the opening of the meeting. The band played "Dongfanghong". A total of 1,510 delegates attended this congress, representing the more than 35 million members of the Party. They are formally elected by the Party organizations in various regions and units in strict accordance with the Party's principle of democratic centralism, earnestly implementing the mass line, and after repeated deliberations and consultations and extensive solicitation of opinions from the masses inside and outside the Party. Delegates include outstanding party members from the founding of the party to the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Most of the representatives are model workers, advanced workers, fighting heroes, and advanced pacesetters who learned from Daqing in industry and Dazhai in agriculture. Representatives of workers, peasants, soldiers and other working people accounted for 72.4%, revolutionary intellectuals accounted for 6.7%, and revolutionary cadres accounted for 20.9%. Among the representatives, female party members accounted for 19%, ethnic minority party members accounted for 9.3%, and young and middle-aged party members accounted for 73.8%. Party members from Taiwan Province also elected representatives to attend the conference.[2]
Conditions
This congress was convened after the death of our great leader and mentor, Chairman Mao Tse-tung, and when our Party had won a great victory in crushing the anti-Party clique of the "Gang of Four" of Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Jiang Qing and Yao Wenyuan. This congress is a congress that holds high the great banner of Chairman Mao, adheres to Chairman Mao's proletarian revolutionary line, and is a congress that upholds Marxism, unity, and integrity. This is a rally of unity, a rally of victory.[2]
Chairman Hua's Report
Chairman Hua made a political report to the Congress on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Chairman Hua first proposed that all comrades stand up to commemorate the founder of our party, our army and our People's Republic, Chairman Mao Zedong, the great leader and mentor of our proletariat and people of all nationalities, and commemorate the great proletariat of our people who passed away last year. Revolutionaries, Chairman Mao's long-tested close comrades-in-arms, our beloved Premier Zhou Enlai and Chairman Zhu De, in memory of the proletarian revolutionaries Comrade Kang Sheng and Dong Biwu who have made outstanding contributions to the cause of our people's revolution who have passed away since the National Congress of the Communist Party of China and in the past few years Comrades, Comrades Li Fuchun, Comrades Chen Yi, and Comrades He Long, silently mourn all the members of the Central Committee and other comrades who died during this period and made important contributions to the party and the revolution.[2]
In his report, Chairman Hua pointed out that this congress bears a great historical responsibility, which is to hold high the great banner of Chairman Mao, inherit Chairman Mao's behest, sum up the struggle with Wang, Zhang, Jiang and Yao's "Gang of Four", and adhere to the party's basic line , adhere to the continued revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat, mobilize all positive factors inside and outside the party and at home and abroad, and unite all the forces that can be united, in order to realize the strategic decision of grasping the key points and governing the country, and to build our country into a great socialist country within this century. Strive for a modern and powerful country.[2]
Chairman Hua pointed out that all victories in the Chinese revolution over the past fifty years were achieved under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the guidance of Chairman Mao's revolutionary line. Chairman Mao's banner is the banner of victory of the Chinese people's revolution. Chairman Mao inherited, defended and developed Marxism-Leninism and is the greatest contemporary Marxist. Mao Zedong Thought is the latest treasure in the theoretical treasury of Marxism-Leninism and the most precious legacy Chairman Mao has contributed to our times. The banner of Mao Zedong Thought is also the banner of victory of the world people's revolution. Chairman Mao's great achievements in revolutionary theory and practice for the Chinese people, for the proletariat and revolutionary people of the world will be immortalized forever. We must hold high and resolutely defend Chairman Mao's great banner, and we must treat Chairman Mao's great banner as a family heirloom and pass it on from generation to generation. This is the sacred duty of the entire Party, the entire army and the people of all nationalities in the country. It is the political foundation for us to unite and fight and continue the revolution, and it is the victory guarantee for advancing the cause of socialism in our country and the cause of the international proletarian revolution.[2]
Chairman Hua pointed out in summarizing the eleventh line struggle of our party that our Chairman Mao was wise and great, and he was aware of the anti-Party activities of the "Gang of Four" for a long time. Lead our party to fight them repeatedly. Chairman Mao's series of important instructions and wise decisions laid the foundation for our solution to the "Gang of Four" issue. The party's great victory in the eleventh line struggle should be attributed to the great leader Chairman Mao, to the great Mao Zedong Thought and Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, to our great party, great army and great people.[2]
In his report, Chairman Hua accurately expounded Chairman Mao's great theory of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat. Chairman Hua pointed out that Chairman Mao inherited, defended and developed the ideas of Marx and Lenin, and completely established the great theory of continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat. This great theory points out the fundamental way for a country with a victorious proletarian revolution to consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat, prevent the restoration of capitalism, and build socialism. This is Chairman Mao's greatest contribution to the theory of proletarian revolution and dictatorship of the proletariat, and has a particularly important position in the history of the development of Marxism.[2]
Chairman Hua pointed out that our party's eleventh line struggle, in terms of ideology and theory, revolved around whether to uphold or tamper with the theory of continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat. This is an important feature of this line struggle. The "Gang of Four" completely falsified Chairman Mao's great theory, falsified the Party's basic line throughout the historical period of socialism, and falsified Chairman Mao's complete exposition on the issue of capitalist roaders within the Party. They threw out the counter-revolutionary political platform that "veteran cadres are 'democrats', and 'democrats' are 'capitalist roaders'", slandering that there is "a bourgeoisie" in our party and army, which completely reversed the historical stage of socialism. relationship, in a vain attempt to overthrow a large number of party, government, and military revolutionary leading cadres, destroy our party, destroy our army, overthrow the dictatorship of the proletariat, and restore capitalism. Chairman Hua used Mao Zedong Thought as a weapon to profoundly criticize the counter-revolutionary political program of the "Gang of Four". Chairman Hua pointed out that as long as the supreme power of the party and the country is in the hands of the leadership core who adhere to the Marxist-Leninist line, the capitalist roaders will only be a small group in the party, and they will be exposed and eliminated continuously, and it is impossible to form a bourgeoisie. The vast majority of veteran cadres in our party are proletarian revolutionaries, not bourgeois democrats by any means. The basic principles of "three essentials and three necessities" put forward by Chairman Mao specified the fundamental criteria for identifying capitalist roaders within the party. By adhering to this standard, we will be able to guide the broad masses of cadres and the masses to accurately identify and completely isolate and concentrate on attacking unrepentant capitalist roaders like Liu Shaoqi, Lin Biao, and the "Gang of Four."[2]
Chairman Hua pointed out that smashing the "Gang of Four" anti-Party clique was another great victory of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. Chairman Hua emphasized the great victorious achievements and historical significance of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, and pointed out that this Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in our country will surely be recorded in the annals of history as a great pioneering work in the history of the dictatorship of the proletariat. Chairman Hua said, now that the "Gang of Four" has been overthrown, we can follow Chairman Mao's instructions to achieve stability and unity, and achieve great order in the world. In this way, my country's first Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, which lasted eleven years, was marked by the smashing of the "Gang of Four" and declared a triumphant end. But this is by no means the end of the class struggle, by no means the end of the continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat. We must follow Chairman Mao's teachings and continue the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat to the end.[2]
In his report, Chairman Hua analyzed the current international situation, and pointed out that while the factors of revolution continued to grow, the factors of war increased significantly. The Soviet Union and the United States are the source of a new world war, and Soviet social-imperialism in particular poses a greater danger. The people of all countries should heighten their vigilance, unite closely, and wage unremitting struggles. Chairman Hua said that we must hold high the great banner of Chairman Mao, adhere to proletarian internationalism, and continue to implement Chairman Mao's revolutionary diplomatic line. We must strengthen our solidarity with the socialist countries, with the proletariat, oppressed people and oppressed nations of the world, and with the countries of the third world, and unite with all those affected by imperialist and social-imperialist aggression, subversion, and interference The countries that control, control and bully form the broadest united front against the hegemony of the two superpowers, the Soviet Union and the United States. We should establish and develop relations with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. We must strengthen our unity with all genuine Marxist-Leninist parties and organizations in the world, and carry through to the end the struggle against modern revisionism centered on the Soviet revisionist renegade clique.[2]
Chairman Hua profoundly expounded Chairman Mao's theory on the division of the three worlds, pointing out that this theory pointed out the general direction of the current international struggle, and clarified who is the main revolutionary force, who is the main enemy, and who can be won and united The middle power, which enables the international proletariat to unite all possible forces in the world-wide class struggle and form the broadest united front against the main enemy. This is the correct strategic and tactical stipulation of the international proletariat in the contemporary era, and it is the class line of the proletariat in its international struggle.[2]
Chairman Hua pointed out that the victory of the first Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution brought my country's socialist revolution and socialist construction into a new period of development. The situation is very good, and people's minds are cured. Driven by the great class struggle to expose and criticize the "Gang of Four", a new leap forward in the national economy is emerging. Revolutions on the scientific and technological front, education revolutions, literature and art revolutions, and health revolutions are advancing.[2]
Chairman Hua pointed out that the central point of the Party Central Committee's strategic decision-making on governing the country is to hold high and defend the great banner of Chairman Mao, mobilize the masses freely, unite all forces that can be united, and carry out the great struggle to expose and criticize the "Gang of Four" to the end thoroughly eliminate the taint and influence of their counter-revolutionary revisionist line, consolidate and develop the victorious results of the eleventh line struggle, and fully and correctly implement the Mao Zedong Chairman's proletarian revolutionary line.[2]
In his report, Chairman Hua further clarified the eight main combat tasks of our party in grasping the principles and governing the country at present and in the future: the great struggle to expose and criticize the "Gang of Four" must be carried through to the end; Party building: we must reorganize and build the party's leading groups at all levels; we must grasp the revolution to promote production and improve the national economy; we must do a good job in the revolution in the field of culture and education, and vigorously develop socialist culture and education. We must strengthen the people's state apparatus; we must promote democracy and improve democratic centralism; we must implement the policy of overall planning and comprehensive arrangements, and mobilize all active forces to build socialism. Chairman Hua said that we must go further and mobilize the masses to fight a people's war that will thoroughly expose and criticize the ultra-right essence of the "Gang of Four" counter-revolutionary revisionist line and its manifestations in various aspects. Investigating the people and events involved in the conspiracy activities of the "Gang of Four" to usurp the party and seize power is an important part of exposing and criticizing the "Gang of Four", and we must fully mobilize the masses to investigate clearly. At the same time, the deeper the movement goes, the more attention must be paid to the Party's policies, to unite more than 95 percent of the cadres and the masses, and to isolate and focus on attacking the "Gang of Four" and a small group of cronies who committed serious crimes and refused to repent.[2]
Chairman Hua announced that the Central Committee has decided to convene the Fifth National People's Congress at an appropriate time, and at the same time convene the Fifth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. We must make serious efforts to mobilize all positive factors inside and outside the party, strengthen the great unity of the whole party, the army and the people of all nationalities in the country, and work together to consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat and build a great socialist motherland.[2]
Chairman Hua's four-hour political report aroused thunderous applause after another.[2]
Report on the Constitution
At 3:30 pm on August 13th, the second plenary meeting was held. Vice Chairman Ye Jianying delivered a report on revising the Party's Constitution on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China amid warm applause.[2]
Vice Chairman Ye first pointed out that Comrade Hua Guofeng was the successor chosen by Chairman Mao himself. Practice has proved that the political and organizational lines of the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua are completely correct. Chairman Hua deserves to be a good student and successor of Chairman Mao, a wise leader of our party and our people, and a wise commander of our army. Chairman Hua will definitely be able to push forward the proletarian revolutionary cause initiated by Chairman Mao and lead our Party, our army and our people of all nationalities to successfully enter the 21st century.[2]
Vice-Chairman Ye pointed out that the "Gang of Four" sabotaged party building and tried in vain to reform our party in the image of the bourgeoisie. We should make necessary revisions to the ten party constitutions in accordance with Chairman Mao's party building ideology, absorb the new experience of the eleventh line struggle.[2]
Vice Chairman Ye made important explanations on the following eight aspects of the revised draft of the Party Constitution: about holding high and defending the great banner of Chairman Mao; about the nature and guiding ideology of the party; Basic tasks; about the basic principles of "Three Essentials and Three Don'ts"; about the party's democratic centralism; about the party's cadre line; about maintaining and carrying forward the party's fine traditions and fine style of work;[2]
Vice Chairman Ye pointed out that the new party constitution emphasizes that the whole party must always hold high and resolutely defend the great banner of Marxism, Leninism, and Mao Zedong Thought, so as to ensure that our party's cause continues to advance victoriously along the Marxist line. It emphasizes that the party insists on opposing revisionism, dogmatism and empiricism, adheres to the world outlook of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, and opposes the world outlook of idealism and metaphysics. It puts the basic principles of "three musts and three don'ts" in a prominent position, emphasizing that there must be a revolutionary spirit that dares to oppose trends that violate the three basic principles. It emphasizes the extreme importance of democratic centralism, stipulates that democracy must be fully developed, and that no one is allowed to suppress criticism and retaliation, and those who suppress criticism and retaliation should be investigated and punished; it emphasizes not only democracy, but especially centralization, Party discipline must be strengthened; in order to maintain the principles and discipline of democratic centralism, the new party constitution stipulates the establishment of a discipline inspection committee. The new party constitution also stipulates that in accordance with the five conditions proposed by Chairman Mao, millions of successors for the cause of the proletarian revolution must be trained in the mass struggle, and leading groups at all levels should be formed in accordance with the principle of combining the old, the middle and the young. It emphasizes the need to maintain and carry forward the fine tradition of mass line and seeking truth from facts. It stipulates that all new party members must go through a one-year preparatory period before they can become official party members to ensure the political quality of party members.[2]
Vice Chairman Ye pointed out that the revision draft of the Party Constitution holds high the great banner of Chairman Mao, fully embodies Chairman Mao's theory of party building, runs through the theory and line of continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat, and reflects the victory of the great struggle to crush the "Gang of Four". He pointed out that the new party constitution adopted by this congress will be an important weapon for strengthening our party's ideological and organizational construction. Party organizations at all levels and every member of the Communist Party must conscientiously study, strictly abide by and resolutely implement the Party Constitution, and fight against any speech or action that violates the Party Constitution.[2]
The meeting had a serious and heated discussion on the reports of Chairman Hua and Vice Chairman Ye and the revised draft of the Party Constitution. Everyone was in a good mood and spoke freely, and the meeting was held lively and vigorously, carrying forward the fine traditions and fine styles of our party, and reflecting the unity and prosperity of our party.[2]
After the Reports
During the discussion, the delegates enthusiastically praised the great achievements of the great leader and mentor Chairman Mao, and praised the wise leader Chairman Hua for leading the whole party to smash the "Gang of Four" and save the great achievements of our party and country. The meeting held that Chairman Hua's political report held high the great banner of Marxism, Leninism, and Mao Zedong Thought, comprehensively summarized the basic experience of the party's eleventh line struggle, and accurately clarified Chairman Mao's great significance of continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat. The theory deeply analyzes the international and domestic situation, and clearly puts forward the tasks of the current and future periods.[2]
In connection with the reality on all fronts, the representatives angrily exposed and criticized the heinous crimes of the "Gang of Four" against the Communist Party, the people, and the revolution. The meeting warmly applauded our party for smashing the anti-party clique of Wang, Zhang, Jiang and Yao and winning the great victory of the eleventh line struggle. The meeting fully endorsed the series of measures taken by the Party Central Committee headed by Comrade Hua Guofeng to smash the "Gang of Four", and the resolution of the Third Plenary Session of the Tenth Central Committee on the anti-Party cliques of Wang Hongwen, Zhang Chunqiao, Jiang Qing, and Yao Wenyuan. The struggle to criticize the "Gang of Four" was carried out to the end.[2]
The representatives discussed the international and domestic situation, and pointed out that the great victory of the party's eleventh line struggle was a fundamental sign of a good domestic situation. The mass movement to learn from Daqing in industry and Dazhai in agriculture is flourishing on an unprecedented scale. The socialist revolutionary competition of comparing, learning, catching up, helping and surpassing is being widely developed. There are frequent reports of good news on all fronts of industry and agriculture, constantly creating new historical levels. The meeting stated that under the leadership of the Party Central Committee headed by Chairman Hua, we must take advantage of the victory to advance, grasp the revolution, promote production, promote work, promote war readiness, create more outstanding achievements, and recover the losses caused by the "Gang of Four" interference and sabotage. , and make greater contributions to building our country into a socialist modern power.[2]
Election Results
The Congress held its third plenary meeting at 3:00 p.m. on August 18. On the basis of full consultation and deliberation, the representatives elected the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China by secret ballot. The General Assembly unanimously passed the resolution on the political report, unanimously adopted the new constitution of the Communist Party of China and the report on the revision of the constitution of the party. When Comrade Deng Xiaoping, the executive chairman of the Congress, announced that the wise leader, Comrade Hua Guofeng, had been elected as a member of the Central Committee, there was a long and stormy applause from the audience. There are a total of 201 elected members of the Central Committee and 132 alternate members of the Central Committee.[2]
Closing
Vice Chairman Deng Xiaoping delivered a closing speech amid warm applause. He pointed out that this congress will serve as a comprehensive and correct implementation of Chairman Mao's revolutionary line, restore and carry forward our party's fine traditions and fine style of work, and advance my country's socialist revolution and socialist construction to a new period of development. Congress, and recorded in the glorious history of our party.[2]
Vice Chairman Deng Xiaoping said that we must restore and carry forward the fine traditions and style of the mass line established by Chairman Mao for our party, the fine traditions and style of seeking truth from facts, the fine traditions and style of criticism and self-criticism, modesty and prudence, guard against arrogance and impetuosity The fine tradition and style of hard work, the fine tradition and style of democratic centralism, in the whole party, the whole army, and the whole country, strive to create a state that is both centralized and democratic, both disciplined and free, with unified will, and Personal mood is comfortable, lively, such a political situation.[2]
Vice Chairman Deng pointed out that since the smashing of the "Gang of Four", the entire Party and the country have taken on a new look, and we have achieved major victories. However, there are still many problems to be solved and many difficulties to be overcome. We firmly believe that as long as we truly trust and rely on the masses, we will be able to overcome one difficulty after another and win new victories one after another.[2]
Vice Chairman Deng called on the whole party, the whole army and the people of all nationalities to hold high and defend the great banner of Chairman Mao, inherit Chairman Mao's behest, unite more closely around the Party Central Committee headed by Comrade Hua Guofeng, and persist in continuing the revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat , mobilize all positive factors inside and outside the party and at home and abroad, in order to realize the strategic decision to govern the country, consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat, and make a greater contribution to mankind in order to build our country into a great socialist modern power within this century, Work hard.[2]
The Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China successfully concluded with the majestic "Internationale".[2]
External Links
Political report at the Eleventh National Congress by Hua Guofeng
Report on Amending the Party Constitution by Ye Jianying
Deng Xiaoping's Closing Speech at the Eleventh National Congress
Resolution on the Political Report of the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China
List of the Presidium of the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China
- ↑ "Introduction to the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China". People's Daily Online.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 "Press Communiqué of the Eleventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China". People's Daily Online.