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{{Infobox country|native_name=Kanada<br>Kanata<br>ᑲᓇᑕ<br>Zhaaganaashiiwaki|image_flag=Canada.png|name=Canada|population_estimate=38,436,447|population_estimate_year=2021|area_km2=9,984,670|government_type=Bourgeois parliamentary republic|leader_title1=Queen|leader_name1=Elizabeth II|leader_title2=Prime Minister|leader_name2=Justin Trudeau|official_languages=English<br>French|capital=Ottawa|largest_city=Toronto|currency=Canadian dollar|mode_of_production=Capitalism}}
{{Infobox country|native_name=Kanada<br>Kanata<br>ᑲᓇᑕ<br>Zhaaganaashiiwaki|image_flag=Canada.png|name=Canada|population_estimate=38,436,447|population_estimate_year=2021|established_event1=[[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]]|established_date1=1 July 1867|established_event2=[[Patriation]]|established_date2=17 April 1982|area_km2=9,984,670|government_type=[[Federation|Federal]] [[Parliamentary system|parliamentary]] [[Bourgeois state|bourgeois state]]|leader_title1=[[Monarch of the United Kingdom|King]]|leader_name1=[[Charles Windsor]]|leader_title2=[[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]]|leader_name2=[[Justin Trudeau]]|leader_title3=[[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]]|leader_name3=[[Mary Simon]]|image_map=Canada map.svg|map_width=260|official_languages=English<br>French|image_coat=Coat of arms of Canada.svg|capital=Ottawa|largest_city=Toronto|currency=Canadian dollar|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]}}
'''Canada''' is a settler-colonial state in [[North America]].
'''Canada''' is a [[Settler colonialism|settler-colonial]] and [[Imperialism|imperialist]] state in [[North America]]. Despite being a wealthy country in terms of GDP, over four million people, more than 10% of its population, do not have access to sufficient food.<ref name=":2">{{News citation|author=Thin Lei Win|newspaper=Reuters|title=Millions go hungry in wealthy Canada - and some die young as a result|date=2020-01-20|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-canada-health-food-idUSKBN1ZJ0JE|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123144111/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-canada-health-food-idUSKBN1ZJ0JE|archive-date=2021-02-23|retrieved=2022-05-22}}</ref> Canada exists as an accomplice of [[United States imperialism|U.S. imperialism]] and has supported the [[apartheid]] regimes of [[Republic of South Africa|South Africa]] and [[State of Israel|Israel]] and the U.S. invasions of [[Republic of Iraq|Iraq]], [[Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011)|Libya]], and [[Republic of Haiti|Haiti]].<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|author=[[Lee Camp]]|newspaper=[[MintPress News]]|title=Canada Is Part of the US War Machine, with Pitasana Shanmugathas|date=2023-02-08|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/canada-foreign-policy-us-war-machine-pitasanna-shanmugathas/283589/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210193022/https://www.mintpressnews.com/canada-foreign-policy-us-war-machine-pitasanna-shanmugathas/283589/|archive-date=2023-02-10|retrieved=2023-02-11}}</ref>


== Settler-Colonialism ==
== History ==
After being colonized by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British Empire]], Canada was a British colony until 1867. After gaining self-governance, it forcibly assimilated much of its indigenous population by sending Native children into residential schools from 1894 to 1947.<ref>{{Citation|author=Erin Hanson|year=2009|title=The Residential School System|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=|city=|publisher=Indigenous Foundations|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=http://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/the_residential_school_system/|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> A law was also passed in 1876 that prevented people from testifying or having their case heard in court if they did not adopt Christianity.<ref>{{Citation|author=Andrew Armitage|year=1995|title=Comparing the Policy of Aboriginal Assimilation: Australia, Canada, and New Zealand|chapter=|section=|page=77–78|quote=|pdf=|city=Vancouver|publisher=University of British Columbia Press|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> Children were prevented from speaking their native languages and forced to adopt Christianity and the culture of the settlers. The terrible conditions at these schools led to many deaths, and children were often buried in unmarked graves at the schools. In 2021, 751 graves were uncovered at a single school in [[Saskatchewan]].<ref>{{News citation|journalist=|date=2021-06-24|title=Canada: 751 unmarked graves found at residential school|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57592243|newspaper=BBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=2021-12-31}}</ref> Not surprisingly, Canada was one of only four countries to vote against the [[Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples]].<ref>{{News citation|journalist=|date=2007-09-13|title=UN adopts Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples|url=|newspaper=United Nations News Centre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925040218/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/ga10612.doc.htm|archive-date=2014-09-25|retrieved=}}</ref>


== Imperialism ==
=== First U.S. invasion ===
Canada spies on its citizens as part of the [[Five Eyes]] alliance<ref>{{Citation|author=James Cox|year=2012|title=Canada and the Five Eyes Intelligence Community|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910204519/http://www.cdfai.org.previewmysite.com/PDF/Canada%20and%20the%20Five%20Eyes%20Intelligence%20Community.pdf|city=|publisher=|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> and is part of the terrorist organization [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]]. It intervened in the [[Russian Civil War]] to help the monarchist [[White Army]], invaded [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea|Korea]] in 1950, and invaded [[Libya]] in 2011.  
[[File:Canadian language family map.png|thumb|365x365px|Map of indigenous nations in Canada by language family]]
In late 1775, the [[Continental Army]] invaded what is now Canada and captured Montréal, occupying it until the summer of 1776. It failed to take Quebec City, and General [[Richard Montgomery]] died during a siege in December 1776.<ref name=":12">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|isbn=9780520972070|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05|page=95–6|chapter=Why Are So Many Places Named Fort?}}</ref>
 
=== Later U.S. invasions ===
The USA attempted to invade Canada ten times during the [[War of 1812]]. General [[Zebulon Pike]] burned down the city of York (now Toronto), and the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)|British]] burned [[Washington, D.C.]] in revenge.<ref name=":123">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|chapter=Invading Your Neighbors|page=122–3|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520972070|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05}}</ref>
 
=== 1930s ===
During the 1930s, the [[Antisemitism|anti-Semite]] [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] ruled Canada and refused to allow [[Judaism|Jewish]] refugees fleeing from [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Germany]] into Canada.<ref name=":1" />
 
== Settler colonialism ==
Following colonization by the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British Empire]], Canada was under direct British rule until 1867. In 1876, Canada passed a law that prevented people from testifying or having their case heard in court if they did not adopt [[Christianity]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Andrew Armitage|year=1995|title=Comparing the Policy of Aboriginal Assimilation: Australia, Canada, and New Zealand|chapter=|section=|page=77–78|quote=|pdf=|city=Vancouver|publisher=University of British Columbia Press|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> Children were prevented from speaking their native languages and forced to adopt Christianity and the culture of the settlers. Canada was one of only four countries to vote against the [[Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples]] in 2007.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=|date=2007-09-13|title=UN adopts Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples|url=|newspaper=United Nations News Centre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925040218/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/ga10612.doc.htm|archive-date=2014-09-25|retrieved=}}</ref>
 
In 2020, indigenous people were seven times as likely to be murdered as settlers.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=[[CGTN]]|title=Homicide rate for Indigenous people 7 times higher than non-Indigenous in Canada|date=2021-11-26|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-11-26/Homicide-rate-for-Indigenous-people-7-times-higher-in-Canada-15uV2CyO8cE/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127034214/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-11-26/Homicide-rate-for-Indigenous-people-7-times-higher-in-Canada-15uV2CyO8cE/index.html|archive-date=2021-11-27|retrieved=2022-07-01}}</ref> Even though they only make up 4% of the total population, natives make up 36% of imprisoned women and 25% of imprisoned men.<ref name=":92">{{Citation|author=[[Nick Estes]], et al.|year=2021|title=Red Nation Rising|chapter=Indian Killers|page=51|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacechp4anuu3vkx7ttze5vwtbbslqpqkouqemkpa5xui27eulvyntx2?filename=Nick%20Estes%2C%20Melanie%20Yazzie%2C%20Jennifer%20Nez%20Denetdale%2C%20David%20Correia%20-%20Red%20Nation%20Rising_%20From%20Bordertown%20Violence%20to%20Native%20Liberation-PM%20Press%20%282021%29.pdf}}</ref>
 
=== Westward expansion ===
 
=== Residential schools ===
Canada forcibly assimilated much of its indigenous population by sending Native children into residential schools from 1831 to 1996.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|newspaper=CGTN|title=Hundreds of unmarked graves found at another indigenous school in Canada|date=2021-06-24|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-06-24/More-unmarked-graves-found-at-another-indigenous-school-in-Canada-11m7cJUslBS/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210703060743/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-06-24/More-unmarked-graves-found-at-another-indigenous-school-in-Canada-11m7cJUslBS/index.html|archive-date=2021-07-03|retrieved=2022-07-01}}</ref> The terrible conditions at these schools led to many deaths, and children were often buried in unmarked graves at the schools. In 2021, 751 graves were uncovered at a single school in [[Saskatchewan]].<ref>{{News citation|journalist=|date=2021-06-24|title=Canada: 751 unmarked graves found at residential school|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-57592243|newspaper=BBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=2021-12-31}}</ref> In [[British Columbia]], two more mass graves were found, one at Kamloops with 215 indigenous children<ref name=":0" /> and another with 182 graves at Cranbrook.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=CGTN|title=182 unmarked graves discovered at another indigenous residential school in Canada|date=2021-07-01|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-07-01/182-unmarked-graves-found-at-another-indigenous-school-in-Canada-11xstLW62GY/index.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210702080331/https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-07-01/182-unmarked-graves-found-at-another-indigenous-school-in-Canada-11xstLW62GY/index.html|archive-date=2021-07-02|retrieved=2022-07-01}}</ref>
 
== Support for imperialism ==
Canada spies on its citizens as part of the [[Five Eyes]] alliance<ref>{{Citation|author=James Cox|year=2012|title=Canada and the Five Eyes Intelligence Community|chapter=|section=|page=|quote=|pdf=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910204519/http://www.cdfai.org.previewmysite.com/PDF/Canada%20and%20the%20Five%20Eyes%20Intelligence%20Community.pdf|city=|publisher=|isbn=|doi=|lg=|mia=|title-url=|chapter-url=|trans-title=|trans-lang=}}</ref> and is part of the international terrorist organization [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]]. It intervened in the [[Russian Civil War]] to help the monarchist [[White Army]], invaded [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea|Korea]] in 1950, and invaded [[Libya]] in 2011.{{Citation needed}}


=== Ukraine ===
=== Ukraine ===
Canada's military also trained far-right [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] groups including [[Military Order Centuria]] and the [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazi]] [[Azov Battalion]]. In 2018, Canadian officials met with the Azov Battalion but did not denounce their far-right ideology. Canada's federal government has spent over $890 million on training Ukrainian forces as part of [[Operation Unifier]].<ref>{{News citation|author=Christy Somos|newspaper=CTV News|title=Mounting evidence Canada trained Ukrainian extremists, gov't needs to be held to account: experts|date=2022-04-28|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/mounting-evidence-canada-trained-ukrainian-extremists-gov-t-needs-to-be-held-to-account-experts-1.5879303|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503190700/https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/mounting-evidence-canada-trained-ukrainian-extremists-gov-t-needs-to-be-held-to-account-experts-1.5879303|archive-date=2022-05-03|retrieved=2022-05-22}}</ref>
Canada's military also trained far-right [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] groups including [[Military Order Centuria]] and the [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazi]] [[Azov Battalion]]. In 2018, Canadian officials met with the Azov Battalion but did not denounce their far-right ideology. Canada's federal government has spent over $890 million on training Ukrainian forces as part of [[Operation Unifier]].<ref>{{News citation|author=Christy Somos|newspaper=CTV News|title=Mounting evidence Canada trained Ukrainian extremists, gov't needs to be held to account: experts|date=2022-04-28|url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/mounting-evidence-canada-trained-ukrainian-extremists-gov-t-needs-to-be-held-to-account-experts-1.5879303|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503190700/https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/mounting-evidence-canada-trained-ukrainian-extremists-gov-t-needs-to-be-held-to-account-experts-1.5879303|archive-date=2022-05-03|retrieved=2022-05-22}}</ref>
=== Mining companies ===
Canada has a long history of supporting far-right dictatorships abroad, even against the wishes of the USA, in order to protect the interests of its national bourgeoisie.<ref>{{Citation|author=Tyler Shipley|year=2020|title=Canada in the world: settler capitalism and the colonial imagination|chapter=Peace and Scorched Earth|section=Saving Somoza: Falconbridge, Inco and Canada’s Cold War|page=231-2|publisher=Fernwood Publishing|isbn=9781773631141|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=43A2CE0FD669958F66D74AB490697434}}</ref> To this day, 75% of the world's mining companies are based in Canada, mostly because of the state's very lax rules on what said companies do outside of Canada.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Owen Schalk|newspaper=[[People's Voice]]|title=Going for Gold: Neocolonialism and Canadian mining in Africa|date=2021-09-06|url=https://pvonline.ca/2021/09/06/going-for-gold-neocolonialism-and-canadian-mining-in-africa/|retrieved=2022-12-27}}</ref> Canadian mining companies continue the state's long tradition of killing, stealing from, and otherwise oppressing the Indigenous peoples of the [[Americas]]. One such example of this is the Marlin mine in Guatemala, built on Indigenous territory.<ref>{{Citation|author=Tyler Shipley|year=2020|title=Canada in the world: settler capitalism and the colonial imagination|chapter=Contemporary Canada and the Rise of Fascism|section=Blood of Extraction|page=477|publisher=Fernwood Publishing|isbn=9781773631141|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=43A2CE0FD669958F66D74AB490697434}}</ref>
== Economy ==
== Neo-Nazism ==
On September 22, 2023, the Canadian Parliament applauded the [[Waffen-SS]] member [[Yaroslav Hunka]] and called him a "[[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] hero." Deputy Prime Minister [[Chrystia Freeland]] is the granddaughter of the [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi]] collaborator [[Michael Chomiak]], who wrote an [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]] newspaper during the war and worked closely with [[Joseph Goebbels]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=Benjamin Zinevich, Morgan Artyukhina|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=How Canada and the U.S. ‘normalize’ and promote Ukranian fascists|date=2023-10-06|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/how-canada-and-the-us-normalize-and-promote-ukranian-fascists/|retrieved=2023-12-07}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 16: Line 43:
<references />
<references />
[[Category:Global north]]
[[Category:Global north]]
[[Category:Settler-colonial states]]
[[Category:Countries invaded by the United States]]

Latest revision as of 19:15, 16 January 2024

Canada
Kanada
Kanata
ᑲᓇᑕ
Zhaaganaashiiwaki
Flag of Canada
Flag
Coat of arms of Canada
Coat of arms
Location of Canada
CapitalOttawa
Largest cityToronto
Official languagesEnglish
French
Dominant mode of productionCapitalism
GovernmentFederal parliamentary bourgeois state
• King
Charles Windsor
Justin Trudeau
Mary Simon
History
1 July 1867
17 April 1982
Area
• Total
9,984,670 km²
Population
• 2021 estimate
38,436,447
CurrencyCanadian dollar

Canada is a settler-colonial and imperialist state in North America. Despite being a wealthy country in terms of GDP, over four million people, more than 10% of its population, do not have access to sufficient food.[1] Canada exists as an accomplice of U.S. imperialism and has supported the apartheid regimes of South Africa and Israel and the U.S. invasions of Iraq, Libya, and Haiti.[2]

History

First U.S. invasion

Map of indigenous nations in Canada by language family

In late 1775, the Continental Army invaded what is now Canada and captured Montréal, occupying it until the summer of 1776. It failed to take Quebec City, and General Richard Montgomery died during a siege in December 1776.[3]

Later U.S. invasions

The USA attempted to invade Canada ten times during the War of 1812. General Zebulon Pike burned down the city of York (now Toronto), and the British burned Washington, D.C. in revenge.[4]

1930s

During the 1930s, the anti-Semite William Lyon Mackenzie King ruled Canada and refused to allow Jewish refugees fleeing from Germany into Canada.[2]

Settler colonialism

Following colonization by the British Empire, Canada was under direct British rule until 1867. In 1876, Canada passed a law that prevented people from testifying or having their case heard in court if they did not adopt Christianity.[5] Children were prevented from speaking their native languages and forced to adopt Christianity and the culture of the settlers. Canada was one of only four countries to vote against the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007.[6]

In 2020, indigenous people were seven times as likely to be murdered as settlers.[7] Even though they only make up 4% of the total population, natives make up 36% of imprisoned women and 25% of imprisoned men.[8]

Westward expansion

Residential schools

Canada forcibly assimilated much of its indigenous population by sending Native children into residential schools from 1831 to 1996.[9] The terrible conditions at these schools led to many deaths, and children were often buried in unmarked graves at the schools. In 2021, 751 graves were uncovered at a single school in Saskatchewan.[10] In British Columbia, two more mass graves were found, one at Kamloops with 215 indigenous children[9] and another with 182 graves at Cranbrook.[11]

Support for imperialism

Canada spies on its citizens as part of the Five Eyes alliance[12] and is part of the international terrorist organization NATO. It intervened in the Russian Civil War to help the monarchist White Army, invaded Korea in 1950, and invaded Libya in 2011.[citation needed]

Ukraine

Canada's military also trained far-right Ukrainian groups including Military Order Centuria and the neo-Nazi Azov Battalion. In 2018, Canadian officials met with the Azov Battalion but did not denounce their far-right ideology. Canada's federal government has spent over $890 million on training Ukrainian forces as part of Operation Unifier.[13]

Mining companies

Canada has a long history of supporting far-right dictatorships abroad, even against the wishes of the USA, in order to protect the interests of its national bourgeoisie.[14] To this day, 75% of the world's mining companies are based in Canada, mostly because of the state's very lax rules on what said companies do outside of Canada.[15] Canadian mining companies continue the state's long tradition of killing, stealing from, and otherwise oppressing the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. One such example of this is the Marlin mine in Guatemala, built on Indigenous territory.[16]

Economy

Neo-Nazism

On September 22, 2023, the Canadian Parliament applauded the Waffen-SS member Yaroslav Hunka and called him a "Ukrainian hero." Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland is the granddaughter of the Nazi collaborator Michael Chomiak, who wrote an antisemitic newspaper during the war and worked closely with Joseph Goebbels.[17]

References

  1. Thin Lei Win (2020-01-20). "Millions go hungry in wealthy Canada - and some die young as a result" Reuters. Archived from the original on 2021-02-23. Retrieved 2022-05-22.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Lee Camp (2023-02-08). "Canada Is Part of the US War Machine, with Pitasana Shanmugathas" MintPress News. Archived from the original on 2023-02-10. Retrieved 2023-02-11.
  3. David Vine (2020). The United States of War: 'Why Are So Many Places Named Fort?' (pp. 95–6). Oakland: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520972070 [LG]
  4. David Vine (2020). The United States of War: 'Invading Your Neighbors' (pp. 122–3). Oakland: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520972070 [LG]
  5. Andrew Armitage (1995). Comparing the Policy of Aboriginal Assimilation: Australia, Canada, and New Zealand (pp. 77–78). Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.
  6. UN adopts Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007-09-13). United Nations News Centre. Archived from the original on 2014-09-25.
  7. "Homicide rate for Indigenous people 7 times higher than non-Indigenous in Canada" (2021-11-26). CGTN. Archived from the original on 2021-11-27. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  8. Nick Estes, et al. (2021). Red Nation Rising: 'Indian Killers' (p. 51). [PDF]
  9. 9.0 9.1 "Hundreds of unmarked graves found at another indigenous school in Canada" (2021-06-24). CGTN. Archived from the original on 2021-07-03. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  10. "Canada: 751 unmarked graves found at residential school" (2021-06-24). BBC. Retrieved 2021-12-31.
  11. "182 unmarked graves discovered at another indigenous residential school in Canada" (2021-07-01). CGTN. Archived from the original on 2021-07-02. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
  12. James Cox (2012). Canada and the Five Eyes Intelligence Community. [PDF]
  13. Christy Somos (2022-04-28). "Mounting evidence Canada trained Ukrainian extremists, gov't needs to be held to account: experts" CTV News. Archived from the original on 2022-05-03. Retrieved 2022-05-22.
  14. Tyler Shipley (2020). Canada in the world: settler capitalism and the colonial imagination: 'Peace and Scorched Earth; Saving Somoza: Falconbridge, Inco and Canada’s Cold War' (pp. 231-2). Fernwood Publishing. ISBN 9781773631141 [LG]
  15. Owen Schalk (2021-09-06). "Going for Gold: Neocolonialism and Canadian mining in Africa" People's Voice. Retrieved 2022-12-27.
  16. Tyler Shipley (2020). Canada in the world: settler capitalism and the colonial imagination: 'Contemporary Canada and the Rise of Fascism; Blood of Extraction' (p. 477). Fernwood Publishing. ISBN 9781773631141 [LG]
  17. Benjamin Zinevich, Morgan Artyukhina (2023-10-06). "How Canada and the U.S. ‘normalize’ and promote Ukranian fascists" Liberation News. Retrieved 2023-12-07.