Horn of Africa: Difference between revisions

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The '''Horn of Africa''' ('''HoA''') is the easternmost peninsula of the African continent.<ref name="Joireman22">Sandra Fullerton Joireman, ''Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa'', (Universal-Publishers: 1997), p.1: "The Horn of Africa encompasses the countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. These countries share similar peoples, languages, and geographical endowments."</ref><ref name="Britannica22">Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.61: "The northern mountainous area, known as the Horn of Africa, comprises Djibouti,Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia."</ref><ref name="Hodd22">Michael Hodd, ''East Africa Handbook'', 7th Edition, (Passport Books: 2002), p. 21: "To the north are the countries of the Horn of Africa comprising Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somaliland, Djibouti, and Somalia."</ref><ref name="Stock2">Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press; 2004), p. 26</ref>
The '''Horn of Africa''' ('''HoA''') is the easternmost peninsula of the African continent.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=Sandra Fullerton Joireman|year=1997|title=Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa: The Allocation of Property Rights and Implications for Development|page=1|quote=The Horn of Africa encompasses the countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. These countries share similar peoples, languages, and geographical endowments.|publisher=Universal-Publishers|isbn=1581120001}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra|year=2002|title=The New Encyclopædia Britannica|page=61|quote=The northern mountainous area, known as the Horn of Africa, comprises Djibouti,Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia.|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Citation|author=Michael Hodd|year=2002|title=East Africa Handbook, 7th Edition|page=21|quote=To the north are the countries of the Horn of Africa comprising Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somaliland, Djibouti, and Somalia.|publisher=Passport Books}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Citation|author=Robert Stock|year=2004|title=Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation|page=26|publisher=The Guilford Press}}</ref>


The Horn of Africa consists of the internationally-recognized countries of [[Djibouti]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]] and [[Federal Republic of Somalia|Somalia]], as well as the unrecognized country of [[Somaliland]].<ref name="Stock">Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guilford Press: 2004), p. 26</ref><ref name="Hodd22" /><ref name="Britannica22" /><ref name="Joireman22" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Felter|first=Claire|date=February 1, 2018|title=Somaliland: The Horn of Africa’s Breakaway State|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/somaliland-horn-africas-breakaway-state|access-date=March 24, 2021|website=Council on Foreign Relations}}</ref> It covers approximately two million square kilometers (770,000 square miles) and is inhabited by roughly 115 million people (Ethiopia: 110&nbsp;million, Somalia: 10.9&nbsp;million, Eritrea: 6.4&nbsp;million, Somaliland: 5.7&nbsp;million and Djibouti: 921.8 thousand). In ancient and medieval times, it was known in the [[Western world]] as the "land of the ''[[Barbaria (East Africa)|Barbaria]]'' and [[People of Ethiopia|Ethiopians]]".<ref name="auto2">J. D. Fage, Roland Oliver, Roland Anthony Oliver, ''The Cambridge History of Africa'', (Cambridge University Press: 1977), p.190</ref><ref name="auto">[[George Wynn Brereton Huntingford]], Agatharchides, ''The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: With Some Extracts from Agatharkhidēs "On the Erythraean Sea"'', (Hakluyt Society: 1980), p.83</ref><ref name="auto1">John I. Saeed, ''Somali'' – Volume 10 of London Oriental and African language library, (J. Benjamins: 1999), p. 250.</ref> Regional studies on the Horn of Africa are carried out in fields such as [[Ethiopian studies]] and [[Somali studies]].
The Horn of Africa consists of the internationally-recognized countries of [[Djibouti]], [[Eritrea]], [[Ethiopia]] and [[Federal Republic of Somalia|Somalia]], as well as the unrecognized country of [[Somaliland]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Web citation |author=Claire Felter|date=2018-02-01|title=Somaliland: The Horn of Africa’s Breakaway State|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/somaliland-horn-africas-breakaway-state|retrieved=2021-03-24|newspaper=Council on Foreign Relations|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230105145352/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/somaliland-horn-africas-breakaway-state|archive-date=2023-01-05}}</ref> It covers approximately two million square kilometers (770,000 square miles) and is inhabited by roughly 115 million people (Ethiopia: 110 million, Somalia: 10.9 million, Eritrea: 6.4 million, Somaliland: 5.7 million and Djibouti: 921.8 thousand). In ancient and medieval times, it was known in the [[Western world]] as the "land of the ''[[Barbaria (East Africa)|Barbaria]]'' and [[People of Ethiopia|Ethiopians]]".<ref>{{Citation|author=J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver|year=1977|title=From c. 1050 to c. 1600|page=190|city=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521209811|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=F6202C37B1FB597E0BDED8DE3F85813F|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|volume=3}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=George Wynn Brereton Huntingford|year=1980|title=The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: With Some Extracts from Agatharkhidēs "On the Erythraean Sea"|page=83|publisher=Hakluyt Society|isbn=0904180050|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=729983581A8E9D612D2A5FE781D1BB8B}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author=John I. Saeed|year=1999|title=Somali|page=250|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=9027238103|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=7E54330A4F4F7412B7EF72BBFF7BB8F7|series=London Oriental and African Language Library|volume=10}}</ref> Regional studies on the Horn of Africa are carried out in fields such as [[Ethiopian studies]] and [[Somali studies]].


== History ==
==History==


=== Recent history ===
===Recent history===
The United States is using the "humanitarian interventionist" playbook like it used to justify the devastating NATO regime-change war on Libya in 2011.<ref>[https://youtu.be/v8vRaWgI86Q How US meddling in Ethiopia & Eritrea is destabilizing strategic Horn of Africa] by [[The Grayzone]]</ref> Eritrea is targeted by the US for having a revolutionary left-wing nationalist government which refuses to participate in [[AFRICOM]]. The Western corporate media is accusing Eritrea of "committing genocide"<ref>Imperialist UK BBC News: [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55877939 Tigray crisis: 'Genocidal war' waged in Ethiopia region, says ex-leader]</ref>
The United States is using the "humanitarian interventionist" playbook like it used to justify the devastating NATO regime-change war on Libya in 2011.<ref>{{YouTube citation|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8vRaWgI86Q|channel=[[The Grayzone]]|title=How US meddling in Ethiopia & Eritrea is destabilizing strategic Horn of Africa|date=2021-08-27}}</ref> Eritrea is targeted by the US for having a revolutionary left-wing nationalist government which refuses to participate in [[AFRICOM]]. The Western corporate media is accusing Eritrea of "committing genocide"<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[BBC]]|title=Tigray crisis: 'Genocidal war' waged in Ethiopia region, says ex-leader|date=2021-01-31|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55877939|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220808173245/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55877939|archive-date=2022-08-08}}</ref>


== References ==
==References==
 
<references />

Latest revision as of 13:19, 31 January 2023

Some parts of this article were copied from external sources and may contain errors or lack of appropriate formatting. You can help improve this article by editing it and cleaning it up. (November 2021)

The Horn of Africa (HoA) is the easternmost peninsula of the African continent.[1][2][3][4]

The Horn of Africa consists of the internationally-recognized countries of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia, as well as the unrecognized country of Somaliland.[4][3][2][1][5] It covers approximately two million square kilometers (770,000 square miles) and is inhabited by roughly 115 million people (Ethiopia: 110 million, Somalia: 10.9 million, Eritrea: 6.4 million, Somaliland: 5.7 million and Djibouti: 921.8 thousand). In ancient and medieval times, it was known in the Western world as the "land of the Barbaria and Ethiopians".[6][7][8] Regional studies on the Horn of Africa are carried out in fields such as Ethiopian studies and Somali studies.

History

Recent history

The United States is using the "humanitarian interventionist" playbook like it used to justify the devastating NATO regime-change war on Libya in 2011.[9] Eritrea is targeted by the US for having a revolutionary left-wing nationalist government which refuses to participate in AFRICOM. The Western corporate media is accusing Eritrea of "committing genocide"[10]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1
    “The Horn of Africa encompasses the countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. These countries share similar peoples, languages, and geographical endowments.”

    Sandra Fullerton Joireman (1997). Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa: The Allocation of Property Rights and Implications for Development (p. 1). Universal-Publishers. ISBN 1581120001
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1
    “The northern mountainous area, known as the Horn of Africa, comprises Djibouti,Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Somalia.”

    Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra (2002). The New Encyclopædia Britannica (p. 61). Encyclopædia Britannica.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1
    “To the north are the countries of the Horn of Africa comprising Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somaliland, Djibouti, and Somalia.”

    Michael Hodd (2002). East Africa Handbook, 7th Edition (p. 21). Passport Books.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Robert Stock (2004). Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation (p. 26). The Guilford Press.
  5. ↑ Claire Felter (2018-02-01). "Somaliland: The Horn of Africa’s Breakaway State" Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 2023-01-05. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  6. ↑ J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver (1977). From c. 1050 to c. 1600. The Cambridge History of Africa, vol.3 (p. 190). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521209811 [LG]
  7. ↑ George Wynn Brereton Huntingford (1980). The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea: With Some Extracts from Agatharkhidēs "On the Erythraean Sea" (p. 83). Hakluyt Society. ISBN 0904180050 [LG]
  8. ↑ John I. Saeed (1999). Somali. London Oriental and African Language Library, vol.10 (p. 250). John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 9027238103 [LG]
  9. ↑ The Grayzone (2021-08-27). "How US meddling in Ethiopia & Eritrea is destabilizing strategic Horn of Africa". YouTube.
  10. ↑ "Tigray crisis: 'Genocidal war' waged in Ethiopia region, says ex-leader" (2021-01-31). BBC. Archived from the original on 2022-08-08.
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