Qing dynasty (1636–1912)

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Great Qing
大清
1636–1912
Flag of Great Qing
Flag (1889–1912)
Coat of arms of Great Qing
Coat of arms
The Qing Dynasty in 1820 C.E.
The Qing Dynasty in 1820 C.E.
Capital
and largest city
Beijing
Common languagesMandarin, Mongolian, Manchu, Tibetan
Dominant mode of productionFeudalism
GovernmentAbsolute monarchy
History
• Established
1636
• Dissolution
1912
Area
• Total
14,700,000 km²
Population
• 1912 estimate
432,000,000


The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty in control of China. It was established in 1636 by Hong Taiji, an ethnic Manchu[1], as a successor to the Later Jin dynasty. While initially isolated to Manchuria (Northeastern China), the fall of the Ming Dynasty in 1644 allowed the Qing to eventually rule over all of China. It stayed in power until the Xinhua Revolution of 1912, a bourgeois revolution which would lead to the creation of the Republic of China.

The dynasty suffered from the imperialism of Japan and Europe and lost Hong Kong to Britain after the First Opium War.[2] In 1895, the Qing dynasty lost control over Taiwan and Korea when they were taken over by Japan.[3]

References

  1. Evelyn S. Rawski (1991). Marriage and Inequality in Chinese Society: 'Ch'ing Imperial Marriage and Problems of Rulership' (p. 177). University of California Press. ISBN 9780520069305
  2. China; political, commercial, and social; an official report (1847) (p. 84). London: James Madden.
  3. Jinwung Kim (2012). A History of Korea: From "Land of the Morning Calm" to States in Conflict (p. 304). New York City: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253000248