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'Ultra' redirects here. For ultra-capitalist sympathisers, see Far-right.
Ultra-leftism (sometimes abbreviated ultra) is a derogatory label used by Marxist-Leninists or other socialists (such as anarcho-communists) to denounce other socialist or Marxist ideologies as usually either dogmatic, adventurist, or a left deviation. Ideologies which are commonly called ultra-leftist are mainly left communism but also include Trotskyism, Hoxhaism, and Maoism. The advocacy for terror is a common hallmark of ultra-leftism.
The term originated in the 1920s in the German and Dutch workers movements, originally referring to a Marxist group opposed to both Marxism-Leninism and social democracy, and with some affinities with anarchism.
Ostensibly their beliefs included Anti-reformism, Anti-state, Anti-Capitalist and Direct Action. The anti-reformist stance means that they reject any attempts at reform within the existing capitalist system, arguing that it perpetuates the oppressive structures of society. They instead believe that change can be only achieved via a complete rupture with the existing order. They're against the state as they view the state as a tool that's used by the ruling class to maintain their power and privilege and they seek to replace it with decentralized and self-managed forms of organization. They're anti-capitalist as they view capitalism as being the root cause of exploitation, inequality and alienation. They call for the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of stateless and classless societies. Finally they believe in direction action, or the prioritization of grassroots organizing, strikes, occupations and other forms of disruptive activism that challenges the existing power struggles.
Despite all of these beliefs, Ultra-Leftists have been criticized and these include their Sectarianism , lack of pragmatism and their disregard of mass movements. The sectarianism within ultra-leftist movements mean that ultra-leftists tend to view other leftists and movements as being insufficiently radical and or compromised. This unwillingness to build broad alliances or engaging in coalition building limits their ability to achieve meaningful change. Their lack of pragmatism means that their position are often seen as being idealistic and divorced from practical considerations and critics often argue that the ultra leftist rejection of incremental progress and refusal to engage with existing systems and institutions hinder their ability to bring about real world change. Some critics believe that the ultra-leftists tend to either undermine or dismiss the potential of mass movements. Ultra leftists tend to advocate with immediate revolutions without taking into account the complexities of organizing large-scale support, meaning that they can isolate themselves from broader political struggles.