Black nationalism

Black nationalism is the belief that African Americans and other descendants of African people constitute a new, distinct nation and should be recognized as such. Black nationalism has been very influential in modern Marxist studies, with thinkers like Huey Newton and Malcolm X being involved in black nationalist movements (although Newton later broke with black nationalism.)

Reactionary Black nationalism

Despite being a progressive ideology, there are reactionary Black nationalist movements and groups such as the Nation of Islam or the Black Israelite movement, both of which preach anti-semitism and class collaborationism.