| Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosna i Hercegovina Босна и Херцеговина | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Sarajevo |
| Official languages | Serbo-Croatian |
| Dominant mode of production | Capitalism |
| Area | |
• Total | 51,129 km² |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 3,475,000 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina, sometimes shortened to Bosnia, is a country in the Balkans. It is a de facto colony of the United States and the European Union.[1] The country is split between the Muslim-Croat Federation of Bosnia and the Serb Republic.[2]
History
Yugoslav Wars
In 1990, the Islamic fundamentalist Alija Izetbegović ran for president and placed second. He became president anyway after negotiating with Fikret Abdić, a member of the same party. Izetbegović refused to step down for the next elections and organized a war of secession, leading Abdić to found the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia.
Abdić fought against Izetbegović's government and made peace agreements with Bosnian Croats and Serbs. Izetbegović killed hundreds when his forces drove Abdić's followers out of the Bihać region, but Abdić counterattacked and retook the territory before he had to flee from the NATO bombing.[2]
The Dayton Accords in 1995, which ended the Bosnian Civil War, divided Bosnia into two autonomous entities and reserved many powers to the UN-backed Office of the High Representative.[1] In 1999, Carlos Westendorp, a Spanish diplomat serving as high representative of Bosnia, fired the elected president of Republika Srpska.[3]
Government
Bosnia consists of two autonomous entities, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska.[1] However, a non-Bosnian High Representative appointed by the USA or EU rules over both regions and can overrule laws from either government.[2] The Office of the High Representative has passed 140 laws with no democratic support. Milorad Dodik, the president of Republika Srpska, has resisted attempts for Bosnia to join NATO.[1]
Economy
The IMF appointed the first governor of Bosnia's Central Bank and required them not to be a Bosnian citizen. The bank was not allowed to create money for the first six years of its existence.[2]
Demographics
In the early 1990s, the population of Bosnia was 41% Bosniak Muslim, 32% Serb, and 17% Croat. 326,000 Bosnians identified as Yugoslavian rather than with a specific ethnicity.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Bosnia: Republika Srpska stands firm in resisting the push into Nato" (2022-01-08). Lalkar. Archived from the original on 2022-05-25. Retrieved 2022-12-18.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Michael Parenti (2000). To Kill a Nation: 'Bosnia: New Colonies' (pp. 50–52). [PDF] Verso.
- ↑ William Blum (2002). Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower: 'Perverting Elections' (p. 148). [PDF] Zed Books Ltd. ISBN 9781842772201 [LG]
- ↑ Michael Parenti (2000). To Kill a Nation: 'Divide and Conquer' (p. 30). [PDF] Verso.