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Republic of Kazakhstan

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Republic of Kazakhstan
Qazaqstan Respublikasy
Қазақстан Республикасы
Республика Казахстан
Flag of Republic of Kazakhstan
Flag
Coat of arms of Republic of Kazakhstan
Coat of arms
Anthem: 
Menıñ Qazaqstanym
Менің Қазақстаным
Location of Republic of Kazakhstan
CapitalAstana
Largest cityAlmaty
Official languagesKazakh
Russian
Dominant mode of productionCapitalism
GovernmentUnitary presidential republic
• President
Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
• Prime Minister
Älihan Smaiylov
Area
• Total
2,724,900 km²
Population
• 2024 estimate
20,075,271


Kazakhstan, officially, the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country located mainly in Central Asia bordered by Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and China. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, it was made into the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. After the 1991 fall of the Soviet Union, it was the last of the Soviet states to declare independence.

History[edit | edit source]

Kazakh Khanate[edit | edit source]

See main article: Kazakh Khanate (1465–1847)

Russian Kazakhstan[edit | edit source]

See main article: Russian Empire (1721–1917)

Socialist period[edit | edit source]

See main article: Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1936)

See main article: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991)

Bourgeois state[edit | edit source]

In 1993 the capital of Kazakhstan was moved to the city of Aqmola (now Astana) from its original location in Almaty, which had been the capital of Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic from 1936 up until its relocation.[1]

Another change to national symbols kept from Soviet Kazakhstan was the drafting of a new anthem in 2006 - "Menıñ Qazaqstanym". It was to replace the anthem adopted in 1992, which had the same melody as the anthem of the Kazakh SSR. The new anthem was co-written by the first president of bourgeois Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev.[2]

In 2022, protests rapidly overwhelmed the Kazakh government, but Russian forces restored stability.[3]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. On the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan №2457
  2. National Anthem of Kazakhstan. Official website of the President of Kazakhstan.
  3. "Kazakh president's home ablaze as protests escalate, police clash with demonstrators". ABC.