Lin Biao 林彪 | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Lin Biao | |
| Born | Lin Yurong December 5, 1907 Huanggang, Hubei, Qing Dynasty |
| Died | September 13, 1971 (aged 63) Öndörkhaan, Mongolian People's Republic |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Political orientation | Mao Zedong Thought (dogmatic) Ultra-leftism |
| Political party | Communist Party of China |
Lin Biao (Chinese: 林彪) was the First Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China between 1966 and 1971 and Marshal of People's Liberation Army. He was known for his military role in the Chinese Civil War and the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. He died in 1971 in a plane crash on the territories of the Mongolian People's Republic after he tried to overthrow the Chairman of the Communist Party of China, Mao Zedong, through a failed military coup attempt named Project 571.
Life
Early Life
Born in 1906, Lin Biao joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League in 1923, enrolled in the fourth term of the Whampoa Military Academy in 1925, and joined the Communist Party of China in the same year.[1]
Chinese Civil War (1927-1937)
In 1927, he became a platoon commander and company commander of the 73rd Regiment of the 25th Division of the National Revolutionary Army, and participated in the Nanchang Uprising and the Xiangnan Uprising. In October 1934, he joined the Long March. After arriving in Shanbei, he became the president and political commissar of the Chinese Red Army Anti-Japanese University.[1]
Anti-Japanese War (1937-1945)
During the Anti-Japanese War, he served as the commander of the First 15 Division of the Eighth Route Army and commanded the Battle of Pingxingguan.[1]
Liberation War (1946-1949)
After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he was sent to Shandong to be the commander of Shandong Military Region and a member of the Shandong Branch of the Communist Party of China, and in late September 1945, when he was traveling to Puyang, Henan Province, he received a telegram from the Central Committee and was ordered to travel to the Northeast, arriving in Shenyang at the end of October. During the Liberation War, he served as Commander-in-Chief of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army, Commander of the Northeast Field Army, Commander of the Fourth Field Army, and Secretary of the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.[2]
People's Republic of China
After the founding of People's Republic of China, he became the chairman of the Central-South Military Commission (later changed to the Central-South Administrative Committee), the commander of the Central-South Military Region and the Fourth Field Army, and the first secretary of the Central-South Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee. after attending the Third Plenary Session of the Seventh CPC Central Committee in June 1950, he moved his family to Beijing.[2]
In November 1951, he became Vice Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission of the Central People's Government, and from 1954 he became Vice Premier of the State Council and Vice Chairman of the National Defense Commission. In April 1955, at the Fifth Plenary Session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and in September he was awarded the Order of 81st Class, the Order of Independence and Freedom, and the Order of Liberation.[2]
He became the Minister of National Defense in 1959. He proposed and implemented a set of "left" things, cracked down, persecuted and ostracized some comrades who disagreed with him; at the same time, he engaged in personal worship of Mao Zedong, simplifying and vulgarizing Mao Zedong's thought. 1964, he seized certain shortcomings in the army's big training and big competition and made a big fuss, saying that to engage in military first and technology first was to implement the "bourgeois military line". "Politics can impact everything" argument further poisoned the whole army, the normal relationship between political and military unity, political and operational unity in the troops became impacted, overwhelmed relationship, resulting in serious interference and damage to the work of the entire army.[2]
Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
After the start of the "Cultural Revolution", under the banner of "holding high" and "following closely", he formed a counter-revolutionary group with Chen Boda, Huang Yongsheng, Wu Fa Xian, Ye Qun, Li Zuopeng and Qiu Huizuo. In April 1969, at the First Plenary Session of the Ninth CPC Central Committee, he was elected as a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Political Bureau, Vice Chairman of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and was named as the successor of Mao Zedong and written into the party constitution.[2]
Project 571
In October 1970, under the command of Lin Biao, his son Lin Liguo gathered a group of gangsters to form the so-called "United Fleet" and formulated an armed coup plan - the "Project 571" document, actively preparing for an armed coup. At 00:00 on the 13th, Lin Biao, Ye Qun and Lin Liguo disregarded the obstruction of the guard troops and did not wait for the co-pilot, navigator and attendant to board the plane, they forced the take-off and fled in fear and he died in 1971 in a plane crash on the territories of the Mongolian People's Republic. On August 20, 1973, the CPC Central Committee decided to expel him from the Party and on January 25, 1981, he was recognized by the Special Court of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China as the main culprit in the counter-revolutionary group case. [1]