Portal:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

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File:Znak kachestva.svg UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS File:Znak kachestva.svg

Introduction

Coat of arms of the Soviet Union 1

File:Flag of the Soviet Union.svg

The flag of the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a transnational union of Marxist–Leninist socialist states that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

It was established in 1922 as a union of four socialist republics created after the 1917 October Revolution, namely the Russian SFSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR. The years that followed saw the addition of the Uzbek and Tajik SSRs; the Transcaucasian SFSR was dissolved in 1936 in favor of the elevated SSRs of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. From 1956 to 1991, the union comprised 15 member republics, two of which had their own member seats at the United Nations.

The USSR represented a groundbreaking political alternative for the working class as the first stable socialist state in history. This was remarkable especially in a time period where workers in the Western world were still struggling for basic union rights; the 1924 Soviet Constitution and the 1936 Soviet Constitution represented some of the most progressive political advancements in history.

The Soviet Union developed under extreme pressure from capitalist states and global imperialism; during the Russian Civil War, starting from 1918, it suffered successive invasions by Britain, France, the United States, Japan, Poland, and several other minor European powers. Some of these interventions temporarily succeeded in overthrowing local soviets and installing anti-communist puppet regimes, although they were ultimately unsuccessful in preventing the founding of the Soviet Union.

Barely two decades later, during World War II, the Nazi invasion represented the second imperialist war on the USSR, this time in the name of fascism. Although the fascists inflicted catastrophic damage on the western USSR and its population, the Red Army ultimately succeeded in repelling the Nazi forces and went on to play an integral role in the defeat of German Nazism in 1945.

Despite these difficulties, the Soviet Union achieved some of the most impressive economic developments in modern history. Socialism transformed a country of illiterate and starving peasants into an industrial superpower with one of the fastest growing economies on Earth. The Soviet people were one of the world's best-educated and healthiest populations, responsible for some of history's most impressive industrial and scientific achievements to date. And it provided a very influential model for other later socialist projects in places such as China, Cuba and Vietnam.

Starting from 1988, many SSRs seceded from the USSR before its illegal overthrow in 1991. Its past territory is now occupied by the successor states of Russia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Belarus, Ukraine, Pridnestrovie, Moldova, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Artsakh, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. (Full article...)

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A counterrevolutionary burning an image of Vladimir Lenin in Hungary

The Hungarian counterrevolution of 1956 was an attempted counterrevolution against the Hungarian People's Republic. Prime Minister Imre Nagy, the leader of the counterrevolution, attempted to leave the Warsaw Pact and establish a bourgeois multiparty system. The uprising began on 23 October 1956 and was encouraged by U.S. propaganda outlet Radio Free Europe. On 30 October, after Soviet forces left Hungary, counterrevolutionaries hanged upside down or killed 130 party members. Many of the rebels were fascists and Nazi collaborators. The Soviet Army returned to Hungary in early November at the request of the Revolutionary Workers' and Peasants' Government and ended the counterrevolution on 4 November. (Full article...)

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Sergo Konstantinovich Orjonikidze, born Grigol Konstantines dze Orjonikidze (24 October 1886 – 18 February 1937) was a Georgian Bolshevik and close ally of Stalin. He served as People's Commissar of Heavy Industry from 1932 to 1937 and followed a policy of re-educating bourgeois technical specialists. He committed suicide in 1937 after his assistant Pyatakov was found guilty of widespread sabotage and wrecking. (Full article...)

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Nikita Khrushchev Lavrentiy Beria George Koval Dmitri Shostakovich Alexei Kosygin Mikhail Suslov Alexander Alekhine Gennady Yanayev Andrei Kirilenko (politician) Lev Chernyi Eduard Streltsov Vyacheslav Molotov Valentin Pavlov Samantha Smith Ivan Bagramyan Guy Burgess Vladimir Lenin