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| Republic of the Sudan جمهورية السودان | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
 | |
| Capital and largest city | Khartoum |
| Official languages | Arabic English |
| Dominant mode of production | Capitalism |
| Government | Federal Bourgeois Provisional Government |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,886,068 km² |
| Population | |
• 2022 estimate | 45,709,353 |
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northern Africa bordered by Egypt, Libya, Chad, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Eritrea with a coastline on the Red Sea to the east. In 2023 a civil war broke out against the military dictatorship which is currently in opposition to the Sudanese Communist Party.[1]
History[edit | edit source]
Sudan was under a military dictatorship from 1964 to 1969, when Jaafar Nimeiry overthrew the corrupt junta with support from the Sudanese Communist Party. Nimeiry banned all political parties except the SCP. In 1970, he began an attack on Sadiq al-Mahdi's reactionary Umma Party before cracking down on the SCP.[2]
In 1985, mass protests removed Nimeiry from power, but Omar Hassan al-Bashir established another dictatorship in 1989. U.S. president Bill Clinton ordered the destruction of Sudan's only pharmaceutical plant in 1988, removing 90% of Sudan's access to medicine.[3] Sudan lost all access from anti-malaria drugs.[4] South Sudan broke away from Sudan in 2011.
In 2019, the military overthrew Bashir, and Ahmed Awad Ibn Auf briefly took power before being replaced by Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan, an ally of the Saudi and UAE monarchies.[3] In October 2021, the army staged a coup and took full control of the state. In 2023, fighting broke out between Abdel Fattah's government and the Rapid Support Forces led by General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo.[1]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "PSL Statement — Sudan: In the face of civil war, the people demand the end of military rule" (2023-04-18). Liberation News. Retrieved 2023-04-18.
- ↑ Vijay Prashad (2008). The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World: 'Bali' (pp. 159–61). [PDF] The New Press. ISBN 9781595583420 [LG]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Luwezi Kinshasa (2019-06-10). "The fall of Omar Hassan al-Bachir" The Burning Spear. Archived from the original on 2020-11-09. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
- ↑ Sara Flounders (2023-04-12). "Ramsey Clark, human rights fighter – 1927-2021" Workers World. Archived from the original on 2023-01-31. Retrieved 2023-04-23.