During 1991 and 1992, the United States and [[Federal Republic of Germany|Germany]] supported [[Republic of Croatia|Croatia]], [[Republic of Slovenia|Slovenia]], and [[Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]]'s [[Yugoslav Wars|wars of secession]] from the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992)|SFR Yugoslavia]]. By April 1992, Yugoslavia was reduced to only [[Republic of Serbia|Serbia]] and [[Montenegro]], and the other former Yugoslav republics became [[Neocolonialism|neocolonies]] of NATO. The United States supported the [[Fascism|fascist]] [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] in its war against Yugoslavia.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Victor Penn|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=Yugoslavia: Ten years after the NATO massacre|date=2009-03-31|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/09-03-31-yugoslavia-ten-years-after-nato-html/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506081614/https://www.liberationnews.org/09-03-31-yugoslavia-ten-years-after-nato-html/|archive-date=2022-05-06|retrieved=2022-09-09}}</ref> On 24 March 1999, U.S. president [[Bill Clinton]] ordered the bombing of Yugoslavia. The NATO bombing raids lasted 78 days and targeted 200 cities and towns. The bombings killed at least 5,000 people and created over a million refugees, most of which were [[Republic of Albania|Albanians]] from [[Kosovo]], which NATO claimed to be defending.<ref name=":0" />In the 1980s, the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] was undergoing economics crises and disparities between its constituent republics. In Kosovo particularly, antisocialists sabotaged power plants and prevented miners from working.<ref name=Tika>{{safesubst:Web citation|author=Jared Israel, Petar Makara &Tika Janković|title=Kosovo Before 1989 - Nightmare with the Best Intentions|url=http://tenc.net/interviews/tika.htm|date=2000-03-06|accessdate=2020-04-14}}</ref> Croatia and Slovenia accounted for half of federal tax revenues even though they were only 30% of the SFRY’s population. They openly resented these obligations and revolted with the goal of obtaining Western European support. Both Croatia and Slovenia held multiparty elections on independence, but the Socialist Party of Serbia was interested in preserving the federation, receiving 65% of the vote. Serbia considered using force to prevent the secessions, but the Statesian ruling class strongly discouraged this.<ref name=MonthlyReview>{{safesubst:Citation|author=Edward Herman & David Peterson|title=The Dismantling of Yugoslavia (Part I)|url=https://monthlyreview.org/?p=2404|journal=The Monthly Review|volume=59|issue=05|date=2007-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708151424/http://monthlyreview.org/2007/10/01/the-dismantling-of-yugoslavia|archivedate=2014-07-08}}</ref> Early on in the 1990s, the [[Bourgeois media|corporate media]] in Croatia,<ref>{{safesubst:Citation|author=Michael Parenti|chapter=5|title=To Kill a Nation: the Attack on Yugoslavia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWbGftW07WoC|location=New York|publisher=Verso|year=2000|page=47|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=qWbGftW07WoC&pg=PA47|ISBN=1-85984-366-2}}</ref> Slovenia,<ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|author=Sylvia Poggioli|title=Scouts Without Compasses|url=https://fair.org/?p=1229|date=1994-05-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812221624/https://fair.org/extra/scouts-without-compasses|archivedate=2019-08-12}}</ref> and the Anglosphere<ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|author=Olga Kavran|title=Cold War Lives On in Yugoslavia Reporting|url=https://fair.org/?p=1200|date=1991-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019180525/https://fair.org/extra/cold-war-lives-on-in-yugoslavia-reporting|archivedate=2019-10-19}}</ref> all portrayed the war against Yugoslavia as a struggle against "[[communism]]" (even though communism in Yugoslavia was de-facto abolished in 1990 both economically and socially)<ref>{{Web citation|author=Anadolija|newspaper=Klix.ba|title=Navršile su se 24. godine od 14. kongresa SKJ: Dan kada se počela raspadati Jugoslavija|date=2014-1-20|url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/navrsile-su-se-24-godine-od-14-kongresa-skj-dan-kada-se-pocela-raspadati-jugoslavija/140120078|quote=Zbog neslaganja u rješavanju ključnih problema jugoslovenske zajednice, slovenačka i hrvatska delegacija napustile su taj skup. To je bio kraj Saveza komunista Jugoslavije, a mnogi smatraju da je time počeo raspad Socijalističke Federativne Republike Jugoslavije (SFRJ)"Due to disagreements in resolving key problems of the Yugoslav community, Slovenian and Croatian delegations left the assembly. That was the end of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ) and many have considered it to be the beginning of the fall of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRJ)"}}</ref> By April 1992, the only republics left in Yugoslavia were those of Montenegro and Serbia.
With Western support, the antisocialist Party of Democratic Action illegally seized power in Bosnia and unconstitutionally seceded it from the SFRY in 1992. The party’s goal was to create an [[Islamism|Islamist]] régime.<ref>{{Citation|author=Alija Izetbegović|year=1990|title=Islamic Declaration|title-url=https://www.angelfire.com/dc/mbooks/Alija-Izetbegovic-Islamic-Declaration-1990-Azam-dot-com.pdf|pdf=https://www.angelfire.com/dc/mbooks/Alija-Izetbegovic-Islamic-Declaration-1990-Azam-dot-com.pdf|city=Sarajevo}}</ref>Sarajevo was besieged from 1992 to 1995, making it the longest siege in modern warfare. Numerous massacres were committed, especially the massacres in Markale in 1994 and 1995. Serbian paramilitaries claimed that these were "false flags".<ref>{{Web citation|author=Boro Kontić|newspaper=ForumZFD|title="Markale" - Day of Remembrance in Sarajevo|date=2024-02-09|url=https://www.forumzfd.de/en/markale-day-remembrance-sarajevo}}</ref> In July 1995, Dutch "peacekeeping" troops allowed for Chetnik paramilitaries to kill over 8,000 Muslims in Srebrenica despite it being a "safe zone". However, a court in the Netherlands downplayed it and claimed that only "350 were killed" as a result of the failure.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Tom Barlow Brown|newspaper=Balkan Transitional Justice|title=‘It Was Hell’: Dutch Troops Recall Failure to Stop Srebrenica Deaths|date=2019-8-8|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2019/08/08/it-was-hell-dutch-troops-recall-failure-to-stop-srebrenica-deaths/|quote=}}</ref>In the summer of 1995 the Bosnian Serb army was presented with an opportunity to conquer Srebrenica and end the massacring of Serb villagers. But it was a trap set by the American ruling class and the Bosnian forces, so that the [[NATO]] would have the justification to extensively intervene in Bosnia.{{Citation needed}} Unauthorized Serbian soldiers took it upon themselves to exact revenge against Muslim civilians and commit war crimes. Although civilian deaths were certainly involved, the demographic unit of the ICTY Prosecutor’s office also found military service records for 5,371 of the 7,661 people on the list of Srebrenica’s missing and dead.<ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|author=Andy Wilcoxson|title=Srebrenica: The Ugly Truth|url=http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/news/srebrenica071114.htm|date=2014-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806114046/http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/news/srebrenica071114.htm|archivedate=2019-08-06}}</ref> Western reporters blamed the FRY’s presidency for the Srebenica massacre.<ref name="GlobalResearch">{{safesubst:Web citation|author=Marcus Papadopoulos|title=The Defining Year Was 1991: The Demise of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union|date=2018-02-02|url=https://wp.me/p2vCQD-nC83|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606172150/https://www.globalresearch.ca/the-defining-year-was-1991-the-demise-of-yugoslavia-and-the-soviet-union/5628115|archivedate=2019-06-06}}</ref> However, nobody from the FRY’s presidency could have issued such an order, nor were they aware of it either.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BBC News|title=Court clears Serbia of genocide|date=2007-02-26|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6395791.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215021109/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6395791.stm|quote=Belgrade said the conflict was an internal war between Bosnia's ethnic groups and denied any state role in genocide.}}</ref> When President [[Slobodan Milošević|Milošević]] first heard news of this crime, he was enraged, deeply upset, and visibly shaken.<ref>https://www.icty.org/x/cases/slobodan_milosevic/trans/en/030617IT.htm</ref><ref>https://www.icty.org/x/cases/slobodan_milosevic/trans/en/030618IT.htm</ref>By 1999, NATO illegally<ref>{{safesubst:Citation|author=John Laughland|chapter=1|title=Travesty: The Trial of Slobodan Milošević and the Corruption of International Justice|location=London|publisher=Pluto Press|year=2007|pages=7–11|ISBN=978 0 7453 2636 8}}</ref> invaded Kosovo under the excuse that Yugoslav forces were committing ethnocides and expulsions. However, Spanish forensic doctors, whom somebody mislead into expecting thousands of bodies to examine, returned home in September 1999 with only 187 bodies.<ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|author=Pablo Ordaz|title=Policías y forenses españoles no hallan pruebas de genocidio al norte de Kosovo|date=1999-09-23|url=https://elpais.com/diario/1999/09/23/internacional/938037612_850215.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916155311/https://elpais.com/diario/1999/09/23/internacional/938037612_850215.html|archivedate=2017-09-16}}</ref> ''[[Reuters]]'' confirmed in October 1999 that nobody found any corpses at the rumored grave site in Kosovo, and the ICTY’s speaker Kelly Moore said that after ICTY investigators had examined Trepča, ‘They found absolutely nothing.’<ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|title=No Bodies at Rumored Grave Site in Kosovo|date=1999-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527102031/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/13/world/no-bodies-at-rumored-grave-site-in-kosovo.html|archivedate=2015-05-27}}</ref> George Kenney, a now former foreign service officer of Washington’s State Department, remembers looking at various reports of atrocities in Kosovo and thinking that they were ‘complete nonsense’; basing his experience on Bosnia, he realized that the stories were at best inaccurate reports and at worst pure fiction.<ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|title=Milošević Trial: Corruption of International Justice|language=Dutch|url=https://invidious.snopyta.org/embed/p0wptqp1OSY}}</ref> Contrary to the capitalist media’s much higher estimates,<ref>{{safesubst:Citation|author=Edward Herman|last2=David Peterson|title=The Politics of Genocide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTkUCgAAQBAJ|location=New York|publisher=Monthly Review Press|year=2010|page=50|pageurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=TTkUCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA50|ISBN=978-1-58367-213-6|LCCN=2010004852}}</ref> investigators found only some four thousand bodies (including Serbs and military personnel) in Kosovo,<ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|author=Carla Del Ponte|title=Statement to the Press by Carla Del Ponte|publisher=International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia|date=2000-12-20|paragraph=16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813073148/http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/p550-e.htm|archivedate=2007-08-13}}</ref> and estimated that 2,047 were still missing as of 2007.<ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|author=International Committee of the Red Cross|title=Kosovo: ICRC publishes new edition of ‘Book of the Missing’|date=2007-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912223458/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/kosovo-news-290807?opendocument|archivedate=2009-09-12}}</ref> Capitalist outlets such as the ''[[The Guardian|Guardian]]'', the ''Wall Street Journal'', and ''USA Today'' eventually admitted that the NATO had grossly exaggerated the scale of the atrocities.<ref>{{safesubst:Citation|author=John Laughland|chapter=1|title=Travesty: The Trial of Slobodan Milošević and the Corruption of International Justice|location=London|publisher=Pluto Press|year=2007|pages=7–11|ISBN=978 0 7453 2636 8}}</ref>When the former head of the FRY’s secret services, [[Radomir Marković]], attended the ICTY, Milošević asked if Belgrade authorities had menaced and bribed him into falsely confessing to a Yugoslav order for ethnic cleansing in Kosovo, to which he replied ‘Yes.’ Radomir Marković broke his agreement in Belgrade, confirming that the FRY never ordered an ethnic cleansing, in fact that the FRY was trying to prevent one,<ref>https://www.icty.org/x/cases/slobodan_milosevic/trans/en/020726IT.htm</ref> and for this the Belgrade authorities imprisoned him for seven years,<ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|title=Milošević Trial: Corruption of International Justice|language=Dutch|url=https://invidious.snopyta.org/embed/V-neyr99hHg}}</ref> even though torture, inciting somebody to false testimony, and inciting somebody to false accusations, are all illegal under European law.<ref>{{safesubst:Citation|author=John Laughland|chapter=8|title=Travesty: The Trial of Slobodan Milošević and the Corruption of International Justice|location=London|publisher=Pluto Press|year=2007|page=164|ISBN=978 0 7453 2636 8}}</ref> In 2016, the ICTY (unofficially) admitted that President Milošević was innocent of the crimes during the Bosnian War misattributed to him; crimes that his administration was, in fact, struggling to prevent.<ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|author=Andy Wilcoxson|title=Hague Tribunal Exonerates Slobodan Milosevic for Bosnia War Crimes Ten Years Too Late|url=http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/news/smorg-aw071816.htm|date=2016-07-18|accessdate=2020-04-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200104205720/http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/news/smorg-aw071816.htm|archivedate=2020-01-04}}</ref><ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|author=Andy Wilcoxson|title=Milosevic Exoneration: Radio Free Europe's Clumsy Attempt at Damage Control|url=http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/news/smorg-aw080916.html|date=2016-08-09|accessdate=2020-04-19}}</ref> Another trial chamber in The Hague reconfirmed this in 2017.<ref>{{safesubst:Web citation|author=Andy Wilcoxson|title=Hague Tribunal Exonerates Slobodan Milosevic Again|url=http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/news/smorg_aw113017.htm|date=2017-11-30|accessdate=2020-04-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324012538/http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/news/smorg_aw113017.htm|archivedate=2020-03-24}}</ref>In total, antisocialist forces in the former Yugoslavia have probably caused 107,000 deaths from the 1990s to the early 2000s,<ref name=Lucas>{{safesubst:Web citation|author=James A. Lucas|title=US Has Killed More Than 20 Million People in 37 “Victim Nations” Since World War II |archiveurl=https://wp.me/p2vCQD-n2Jt |archivedate=27-November-2015 |date=27-November-2015 |url=https://popularresistance.org/?p=78226}}</ref> which is almost identical to the original number of killings of which antisocialists had falsely accused the FRY.<ref>{{safesubst:citation|author=John Laughland|chapter=1|title=Travesty: The Trial of Slobodan Milošević and the Corruption of International Justice|location=London|publisher=Pluto Press|year=2007|pages=10–11|ISBN=978 0 7453 2636 8}}</ref>Throughout the Yugoslav wars, the FRY never committed any expulsions.<ref name=MonthlyReview/>
After the overthrow of Milošević, the FRY became a puppet state of the USA.<ref>{{Web citation|author=https://balkaninsight.com/2010/01/12/serbia-split-on-srebrenica-declaration/|newspaper=Balkan Insight|title=Serbia Split on Srebrenica Declaration|date=2010-01-12|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2010/01/12/serbia-split-on-srebrenica-declaration/}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=B92.net|title=Policy of peace Serbia's goal – Tadić|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/in_focus.php?id=251&start=0&nav_id=45847}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=592.net|title=Inzko: Break-up of Bosnia not option, published 19 Sept 2009, accessed same day|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607154023/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/region-article.php?yyyy=2009&mm=09&dd=19&nav_id=61844|archive-date=2011-06-07}}</ref>