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{{Infobox politician|name=Andrew Jackson|image=Andrew Jackson.png|political_line=[[Settler colonialism]]|nationality=Statesian | {{Infobox politician|name=Andrew Jackson|image=Andrew Jackson.png|political_line=[[Settler colonialism]]|nationality=Statesian|birth_date=March 15, 1767|death_date=June 8, 1845|birth_place=Waxhaw Settlement, [[Thirteen Colonies (1607–1776)|British America]]|death_place=Nashville, [[Tennessee]], [[United States of America|United States]]}} | ||
'''Andrew Jackson''' (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was a Statesian politician who ruled as [[President of the United States]] from 1829 to 1837. In addition to owning a plantation with 150 [[Slavery|slaves]], he led wars against the [[Muscogee]] and [[Seminole|Seminoles]].<ref name=":1232">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|isbn=9780520972070|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05|page=|chapter=Invading Your Neighbors}}</ref> | '''Andrew Jackson''' (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was a Statesian politician who ruled as [[President of the United States]] from 1829 to 1837. In addition to owning a plantation with 150 [[Slavery|slaves]], he led wars against the [[Muscogee]] and [[Seminole|Seminoles]].<ref name=":1232">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|isbn=9780520972070|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05|page=121–32|chapter=Invading Your Neighbors}}</ref> | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
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=== War of 1812 === | === War of 1812 === | ||
Congress rejected Jackson's request to invade East [[Florida]] with the Tennessee militia and instead sent the [[United States Army|Army]]. In August 1813, the [[Red Sticks|Red Stick]] faction of the Muscogee rebelled and defeated the army, leading Jackson to invade.<ref name=":1232" / | Congress rejected Jackson's request to invade East [[Florida]] with the Tennessee militia and instead sent the [[United States Army|Army]]. In August 1813, the [[Red Sticks|Red Stick]] faction of the Muscogee rebelled and defeated the army, leading Jackson to invade.<ref name=":1232" /> In 1814, he forced the Muscogee Nation to sign the Treaty of Fort Jackson, ceding 93,000 km² of their land to [[Settler colonialism|settlers]],<ref name=":0" /> including land belonging to the [[Cherokee]] and Muscogee allied with the US. He defeated the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)|British]] in New Orleans in January 1815, two weeks after the [[War of 1812]] ended. After the war, he imposed martial law on New Orleans for more than two months, executed six men who tried to leave his militia, and imprisoned a judge who opposed him.<ref name=":1232" /> | ||
=== Seminole War === | === Seminole War === | ||
In 1816, Jackson ordered the construction of Fort Scott near the border between [[State of Georgia|Georgia]] and Florida. In July 1816, he used it to attack Nicholls Fort, which Seminoles and New Afrikans had controlled since the British abandoned it. He killed 270 people and sold many survivors into slavery. In 1817, at the request of [[John C. Calhoun|John Calhoun]], he attacked Florida again and destroyed many Seminole and Muscogee villages before seizing [[Kingdom of Spain (1813–1873)|Spanish]] forts. He was publicly criticized for going too far in his attacks.<ref name=":1232" / | In 1816, Jackson ordered the construction of Fort Scott near the border between [[State of Georgia|Georgia]] and Florida. In July 1816, he used it to attack Nicholls Fort, which Seminoles and New Afrikans had controlled since the British abandoned it. He killed 270 people and sold many survivors into slavery. In 1817, at the request of [[John C. Calhoun|John Calhoun]], he attacked Florida again and destroyed many Seminole and Muscogee villages before seizing [[Kingdom of Spain (1813–1873)|Spanish]] forts. He was publicly criticized for going too far in his attacks.<ref name=":1232" /> | ||
In 1818, as a major in the US Army, he invaded Spanish Florida with a force of 3,000 soldiers to crush the Seminoles and re-enslave Africans who were living among them. Jackson's forces defeated the Spanish [[Colonialism|colonial]] government but failed to stop the Seminole resistance.<ref name=":0" /> | In 1818, as a major in the US Army, he invaded Spanish Florida with a force of 3,000 soldiers to crush the Seminoles and re-enslave Africans who were living among them. Jackson's forces defeated the Spanish [[Colonialism|colonial]] government but failed to stop the Seminole resistance.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== Presidency == | == Presidency == | ||
Following Jackson's election as president in 1829, Georgia annexed most of the Cherokee Nation's land. The [[Supreme Court of the United States|US Supreme Court]] ruled that the annexation was illegal, but Jackson approved it anyway.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
== References == | == References == | ||