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In 1936, with Eamon de Valera as President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, the IRA was banned, causing further decline in the organization.<ref name=":1" /> | In 1936, with Eamon de Valera as President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, the IRA was banned, causing further decline in the organization.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
In 1939 the Anti-Treaty IRA [[S-Plan]] began. It was a bombing campaign within Great Britain, targeting a variety of military and government buildings. This campaign was controversial within the IRA, with many prominent Republicans including [[Tom Barry]] resigning due to it. As part of this campaign the IRA raided the Magazine Fort in Phoenix Park, Dublin. This campaign led to the creation of the [[Offences Against the State Act]] and the [[Emergency Powers Act]] in the | In 1939 the Anti-Treaty IRA [[S-Plan]] began. It was a bombing campaign within Great Britain, targeting a variety of military and government buildings. This campaign was controversial within the IRA, with many prominent Republicans including [[Tom Barry]] resigning due to it. As part of this campaign the IRA raided the Magazine Fort in Phoenix Park, Dublin. This campaign led to the creation of the [[Offences Against the State Act]] and the [[Emergency Powers Act]] in the Republic of Ireland, creating courts to prosecute IRA members and allowing the internment and execution of them. The British government also increased its repression of IRA volunteers in the North.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Irish Statute Book|title=Emergency Powers Act, 1939|url=https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1939/act/28/enacted/en/print.html#:~:text=%E2%80%94(1)%20The%20Government%20may,of%20public%20order%2C%20or%20for}}</ref> Many Republicans were interned during this period and nine were executed in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. These nine in order of the date they were executed were: | ||
* [[Peter Barnes]] and [[James McCormick]], on February 7, 1940, for their roles in the [[Coventry Bombing]], a planned attack on an electrical station where a bomb exploded prematurely in front of a shop instead as part of the S-Plan.<ref>{{Web citation|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=The re-interment of Peter Barnes and James McCormick|date=2019-07-04|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/27612}}</ref> | * [[Peter Barnes]] and [[James McCormick]], on February 7, 1940, for their roles in the [[Coventry Bombing]], a planned attack on an electrical station where a bomb exploded prematurely in front of a shop instead as part of the S-Plan.<ref>{{Web citation|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=The re-interment of Peter Barnes and James McCormick|date=2019-07-04|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/27612}}</ref> | ||
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* [[Richard Goss]], executed on August 9, 1941 for shooting at government soldiers and police, though he was not charged with causing either of the two injuries to police and despite the fact none were killed.<ref name=":2" /> | * [[Richard Goss]], executed on August 9, 1941 for shooting at government soldiers and police, though he was not charged with causing either of the two injuries to police and despite the fact none were killed.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
* [[George Plant]] on March 5, 1942, who was executed for the killing of a suspected informant.<ref name=":2" /> | * [[George Plant]] on March 5, 1942, who was executed for the killing of a suspected informant.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
* [[Tom Williams]], executed by hanging | * [[Tom Williams]], executed by hanging in Northern Ireland for the killing of an RUC officer.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=Tom Williams remembered|date=2007-09-13|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/17446}}</ref> | ||
* [[Maurice O'Neill]], executed on November 12, 1942. He was charged with 'shooting with intent' after a shootout at an IRA safehouse resulted in the death of a detective. Along with Goss, he is one of only two people executed for a crime other than murder in the Republic of Ireland.<ref name=":2" /> | * [[Maurice O'Neill]], executed on November 12, 1942. He was charged with 'shooting with intent' after a shootout at an IRA safehouse resulted in the death of a detective. Along with Goss, he is one of only two people executed for a crime other than murder in the Republic of Ireland.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
* Chief of Staff of the IRA [[Charlie Kerins]], hanged on December 1, 1944 for the killing of a collaborator detective.<ref name=":2" /> | * Chief of Staff of the IRA [[Charlie Kerins]], hanged on December 1, 1944 for the killing of a collaborator detective.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
== Ideology == | == Ideology == |