The edit can be undone. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, and then publish the changes below to finish undoing the edit.
Latest revision | Your text | ||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox guerilla organization|name=Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army|split_to=[[Official Irish Republican Army]]<br>[[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]|split_from=[[Irish Republican Army (original)]]|dates=March 1922-December 1969|native_name=Óglaigh na hÉireann|allegiance=[[Irish Republic]]|ideology=[[Irish Republicanism]]<br>[[Abstentionism]]<br>'''Factions:'''<br>[[Catholic Nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Communism]]|position=Big tent|opponents=[[Irish Free State]]<br>[[Republic of Ireland]]<br>[[United Kingdom]]|war=[[Irish Civil War]]<br>[[S-Plan]]<br>[[Northern Campaign]]<br>[[Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation]]<br>[[The Troubles]]|leader1_title=Chief of Staff|leader2_title=Quartermaster General|image=Irish_flag.png.png|misc=|module= | {{Infobox guerilla organization|name=Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army|split_to=[[Official Irish Republican Army]]<br>[[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]|split_from=[[Irish Republican Army (original)]]|dates=March 1922-December 1969|native_name=Óglaigh na hÉireann|allegiance=[[Irish Republic]]|ideology=[[Irish Republicanism]]<br>[[Abstentionism]]<br>'''Factions:'''<br>[[Catholic Nationalism]]<br>[[Socialism]]<br>[[Communism]]|position=Big tent|opponents=[[Irish Free State]]<br>[[Republic of Ireland]]<br>[[United Kingdom]]|war=[[Irish Civil War]]<br>[[S-Plan]]<br>[[Northern Campaign]]<br>[[Campaign of Resistance to British Occupation]]<br>[[The Troubles]]|leader1_title=Chief of Staff|leader2_title=Quartermaster General|image=Irish_flag.png.png|misc=|module=}} | ||
The '''Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army''' was an Irish Republican militant organization that existed from the split between the Pro-Treaty and Anti-Treaty IRA in 1922 to the split between the Provisional IRA and the Official IRA in 1969.<ref>{{Web citation|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=The IRA Convention of March 1922|date=2022-03-25|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/28296}}</ref> | The '''Anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army''' was an Irish Republican militant organization that existed from the split between the Pro-Treaty and Anti-Treaty IRA in 1922 to the split between the Provisional IRA and the Official IRA in 1969.<ref>{{Web citation|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=The IRA Convention of March 1922|date=2022-03-25|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/28296}}</ref> | ||
Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
In 1936, with Eamon de Valera as President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, the IRA was banned, causing further decline in the organization.<ref name=":1" /> | In 1936, with Eamon de Valera as President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, the IRA was banned, causing further decline in the organization.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
In 1939 the Anti-Treaty IRA [[S-Plan]] began. It was a bombing campaign within Great Britain, targeting a variety of military and government buildings. This campaign was controversial within the IRA, with many prominent Republicans including [[Tom Barry]] resigning due to it. As part of this campaign the IRA raided the Magazine Fort in Phoenix Park, Dublin. This campaign led to the creation of the [[Offences Against the State Act]] and the [[Emergency Powers Act]] in the | In 1939 the Anti-Treaty IRA [[S-Plan]] began. It was a bombing campaign within Great Britain, targeting a variety of military and government buildings. This campaign was controversial within the IRA, with many prominent Republicans including [[Tom Barry]] resigning due to it. As part of this campaign the IRA raided the Magazine Fort in Phoenix Park, Dublin. This campaign led to the creation of the [[Offences Against the State Act]] and the [[Emergency Powers Act]] in the Republic of Ireland, creating courts to prosecute IRA members and allowing the internment and execution of them. The British government also increased its repression of IRA volunteers in the North.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Irish Statute Book|title=Emergency Powers Act, 1939|url=https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1939/act/28/enacted/en/print.html#:~:text=%E2%80%94(1)%20The%20Government%20may,of%20public%20order%2C%20or%20for}}</ref> Many Republicans were interned during this period and nine were executed in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. These nine in order of the date they were executed were: | ||
* [[Peter Barnes]] and [[James McCormick]], on February 7, 1940, for their roles in the [[Coventry Bombing]], a planned attack on an electrical station where a bomb exploded prematurely in front of a shop instead as part of the S-Plan.<ref>{{Web citation|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=The re-interment of Peter Barnes and James McCormick|date=2019-07-04|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/27612}}</ref> | * [[Peter Barnes]] and [[James McCormick]], on February 7, 1940, for their roles in the [[Coventry Bombing]], a planned attack on an electrical station where a bomb exploded prematurely in front of a shop instead as part of the S-Plan.<ref>{{Web citation|author=MÍCHEÁL MAC DONNCHA|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=The re-interment of Peter Barnes and James McCormick|date=2019-07-04|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/27612}}</ref> | ||
Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
* [[Richard Goss]], executed on August 9, 1941 for shooting at government soldiers and police, though he was not charged with causing either of the two injuries to police and despite the fact none were killed.<ref name=":2" /> | * [[Richard Goss]], executed on August 9, 1941 for shooting at government soldiers and police, though he was not charged with causing either of the two injuries to police and despite the fact none were killed.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
* [[George Plant]] on March 5, 1942, who was executed for the killing of a suspected informant.<ref name=":2" /> | * [[George Plant]] on March 5, 1942, who was executed for the killing of a suspected informant.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
* [[Tom Williams]], executed by hanging | * [[Tom Williams]], executed by hanging in Northern Ireland for the killing of an RUC officer.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=An Phoblacht|title=Tom Williams remembered|date=2007-09-13|url=https://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/17446}}</ref> | ||
* [[Maurice O'Neill]], executed on November 12, 1942. He was charged with 'shooting with intent' after a shootout at an IRA safehouse resulted in the death of a detective. Along with Goss, he is one of only two people executed for a crime other than murder in the Republic of Ireland.<ref name=":2" /> | * [[Maurice O'Neill]], executed on November 12, 1942. He was charged with 'shooting with intent' after a shootout at an IRA safehouse resulted in the death of a detective. Along with Goss, he is one of only two people executed for a crime other than murder in the Republic of Ireland.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
* Chief of Staff of the IRA [[Charlie Kerins]], hanged on December 1, 1944 for the killing of a collaborator detective.<ref name=":2" /> | * Chief of Staff of the IRA [[Charlie Kerins]], hanged on December 1, 1944 for the killing of a collaborator detective.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
== Ideology == | == Ideology == | ||
The Anti-Treaty IRA was a broad organization throughout its history, encompassing most Anti-Treaty and Abstentionist Republicans committed to the armed struggle. However, most radical left and otherwise progressive elements such as the fledgling [[Communist Party of Ireland]] within the broader Republican movement aligned with the Anti-Treaty forces rather than the Free State, which was supported by, among others, Fascists like [[Eoin O'Duffy]] and the most reactionary elements within the [[Catholic Church]] and the bourgeoise in general.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Patrick Long|newspaper=Dictionary of Irish Biography|title=O'Duffy, Eoin|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/oduffy-eoin-a6728}}</ref> | The Anti-Treaty IRA was a broad organization throughout its history, encompassing most Anti-Treaty and Abstentionist Republicans committed to the armed struggle. However, most radical left and otherwise progressive elements such as the fledgling [[Communist Party of Ireland]] within the broader Republican movement aligned with the Anti-Treaty forces rather than the Free State, which was supported by, among others, Fascists like [[Eoin O'Duffy]] and the most reactionary elements within the [[Catholic Church]] and the bourgeoise in general.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Patrick Long|newspaper=Dictionary of Irish Biography|title=O'Duffy, Eoin|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/oduffy-eoin-a6728}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == |