Editing Argentine Republic

{{Infobox country
| name = Argentine Republic
| native_name = República Argentina
| image_coat = Coat_of_arms_of_Argentina.svg
| image_flag = Flag_of_Argentina.svg
| symbol_type = Coat of Arms
| image_map = Map_of_Argentina.svg
| map_caption = Argentine territory in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled territory in light green.
| map_width = 220px
| capital = Buenos Aires
| largest_city = Buenos Aires
| mode_of_production = [[Neocolonialism|Neocolonial]] [[capitalism]]
|area_km2=2,780,400|population_census=46,044,703|population_census_year=2022| currency = Argentine peso
| official_languages = Spanish
|demonym=Argentine<br>Argentinian| government_type = Federal presidential republic
| leader_title1 = President
| leader_name1 = [[Javier Milei]]
| leader_title2 = Vice President
| leader_name2 = [[Victoria Villarruel]]}}
'''Argentina''', officially the '''Argentine Republic''', is a country in [[Latin America]] located in the southern part of [[South America]] with a eastern coastline on the [[Atlantic Ocean]]. It is bordered to the west by [[Republic of Chile|Chile]], to the north by [[Plurinational State of Bolivia|Bolivia]] and [[Republic of Paraguay|Paraguay]], and to the northeast by [[Federative Republic of Brazil|Brazil]] and [[Oriental Republic of Uruguay|Uruguay]]. It is currently under $44 billion of [[debt]] to the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]].<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Ben Norton]]|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=Judicial coup in Argentina: Corrupt judges conspire with media oligarchs to ban Cristina Kirchner from office|date=2022-12-08|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/08/judicial-coup-argentina-cristina-kirchner/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209044528/https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/08/judicial-coup-argentina-cristina-kirchner/|archive-date=2022-12-09|retrieved=2022-12-10}}</ref>

== History==

=== Colonization ===
In the early 16th century the territory of Argentina was [[Colonialism|colonized]] by the [[Monarchy of Spain (1516–1700)|Spanish]] in their search for silver. The independent development of the indigenous population was disrupted and they were either [[Slavery|enslaved]] or forced from their land. [[Landlord|Landlords]] and the [[Catholicism|Catholic Church]] took over vast swathes of land with the indigenous population being sent to work in the mines and when there wasn't enough workers the Spanish imported slaves from [[Africa]].<ref>{{Citation|author=V. I. Ermolaev|year=1979|title=The Great Soviet Encyclopedia|title-url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Argentina|chapter=Argentina|section=The colonial period}}</ref>

=== Independence ===
Argentina declared independence from [[Kingdom of Spain (1813–1874)|Spain]] in 1821. It took a large loan from the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] in 1824 and intended to use it to build infrastructure but spent most of it on a war with [[Empire of Brazil (1822–1889)|Brazil]] instead. The British seized two frigates from Argentina after they defaulted on their loan. Argentina finally finished repaying the loan in 1904.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|author=Esteban Almiron|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|title=How Argentina has been trapped in neocolonial debt for 200 years: An economic history|date=2022-12-18|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/18/argentina-neocolonial-debt-history/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219193206/https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/18/argentina-neocolonial-debt-history/|archive-date=2022-12-19|retrieved=2022-12-20}}</ref> During the early 20th century, the [[ruling class]] held its wealth in European [[Bank|banks]] and favored European currencies over the Argentine peso.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Buenos Aires|page=62–63|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref>

=== Perón era ===
Argentina refused to join the neocolonial IMF when it was founded in 1945. Its democratically elected president, [[Juan Domingo Perón]], followed a [[Progressivism|progressive]] [[Nationalism|nationalist]] program and improved industry through two five-year plans.<ref name=":0" /> He bought the British-owned railroads.<ref name=":1" /> [[Pedro Eugenio Aramburu]] overthrew Perón in a military coup in 1955 and joined the IMF.<ref name=":0" />

=== Operation Condor ===
In 1976, as part of [[Operation Condor]], the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] backed a [[Far-right politics|far-right]] coup in Argentina that overthrew president [[Isabel Perón]]. After the coup, a military junta led by [[Jorge Videla|Jorge Rafael Videla]] took power and killed or disappeared 30,000 left-wing dissidents.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Uki Goñi|date=2017-04-28|title=40 years later, the mothers of Argentina’s 'disappeared' refuse to be silent|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/28/mothers-plaza-de-mayo-argentina-anniversary|newspaper=The Guardian|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=2022-01-01}}</ref> Under the junta, [[Milton Friedman|Friedmanites]] from the United States controlled Argentina's central bank.<ref name=":0" /> In 1983, military rule ended, and Videla was given a life sentence for crimes against humanity in 1985.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=Rosario Gabino|date=2008-10-10|title=Argentina: Videla a la cárcel|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_7664000/7664716.stm|newspaper=BBC|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=2022-01-01}}</ref>

=== Recent history ===
[[Raúl Alfonsín]] was elected in 1983 following the end of the junta. His presidency ended with a hyperinflation crisis in 1989. He was succeeded by the [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[Carlos Menem]]. Menem pardoned members of the former junta and reduced taxes and business regulations. By 1990, the inflation rate was 20,000%. He pegged the Argentine peso to the U.S. dollar, oversaw mass privatization, and destroyed the country's extensive rail system.<ref name=":0" />

Between 1999 and 2001, [[Liberalism|liberal]] president [[Fernando de la Rúa]] continued to implement the IMF's austerity policies. A bank run began in November 2001, and de la Rúa limited withdrawals to $250 per person per week. Riots and a general [[Strike action|strike]] followed, leading de la Rúa to flee the country on 20 December.<ref name=":0" /> At the end of 2001, four presidents resigned within two weeks.<ref name=":2">{{Web citation|author=Janine Jackson, Mark Weisbrot|newspaper=[[FAIR]]|title=Milei Is ‘Really as Extreme as You Get in Right-Wing Libertarian Ideas’|date=2023-11-28|url=https://fair.org/home/milei-is-really-as-extreme-as-you-get-in-right-wing-libertarian-ideas/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129113432/https://fair.org/home/milei-is-really-as-extreme-as-you-get-in-right-wing-libertarian-ideas/|archive-date=2023-11-29}}</ref>

[[Néstor Kirchner]] became president in 2003. Between 2003 and 2015, Argentina reduced [[poverty]] by 71% and [[extreme poverty]] by 81% and increased GDP per capita by 42%. [[Mauricio Macri]], who came to power with [[United States of America|U.S.]] support in 2015 and ruled until 2019, took a $57 billion loan from the IMF that led to 140% [[inflation]] and a 40% increase in poverty.<ref name=":2" /> In February 2022, Argentina joined [[People's Republic of China|China]]'s infrastructure program, the [[Belt and Road Initiative]].<ref>{{News citation|date=2022-02-06|title=Argentina officially joins BRI in major boost for China-Latin America cooperation|url=https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202202/1251555.shtml|newspaper=Global Times|retrieved=2022-02-08}}</ref> The areas of cooperation include green energy, technology, education, agriculture, communication, and nuclear energy.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=[[Benjamin Norton]]|date=2022-02-12|title=Trapped in IMF debt, Argentina turns to Russia and joins China's Belt & Road|url=https://youtu.be/NZzATH_759s|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]}}</ref>

==== Milei presidency ====
In October 2023, the far-right [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] [[Javier Milei]] was elected as Argentina's president. He seeks to abolish Argentina's central bank and replace its currency with the U.S. dollar.<ref name=":2" />

In December 2023, Milei announced the Decree of Necessity and Urgency and the Omnibus Law, allowing him to pass decrees without approval from [[National Congress of Argentina|Congress]]. His decrees have promoted foreign investment and [[Privatization|privatize]] the economy. He cut diplomatic relations with [[Republic of Cuba|Cuba]] and [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela|Venezuela]], refused to join [[BRICS]], and resumed talks with the [[International Monetary Fund|IMF]].<ref name=":02">{{Web citation|author=Eduardo Rodriguez|newspaper=[[Liberation News]]|title=Argentina is NOT for sale! Argentinians rise up against Milei’s neoliberal plunder|date=2024-02-15|url=https://www.liberationnews.org/argentina-is-not-for-sale/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224143540/https://www.liberationnews.org/argentina-is-not-for-sale/|archive-date=2024-02-24}}</ref>

On 24 January, 1.5 million [[Proletariat|workers]] went on a [[Strike action|general strike]]. While Milei was visiting the [[State of Israel|Zionist Entity]], the courts ruled to suspend his Omnibus Law.<ref name=":02" />

== Economy ==
Argentina's debt is tied to the U.S. dollar, and it cannot print its own money.<ref name=":0" />

==References==
[[Category:Countries]]

<references />
[[Category:Latin American countries]]
[[Category:Countries targeted by CIA coups]]