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{{Infobox country|name=Bogd Khanate of Mongolia|native_name=ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ<br>Богд хаант Монгол Улс|image_flag=Flag of Bogd Khanate.svg|image_coat=Bogd Khanate Emblem.svg|capital=Niislel Khüree|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]|government_type=[[Theocratic]] [[monarchy]]|leader_title1=Khan|leader_name1=[[Bogd Khan]]|life_span=1911–1924|image_map=Mongolia map.svg|map_width=260|common_languages=Mongolian|religion=[[Buddhism]]}} | {{Infobox country|name=Bogd Khanate of Mongolia|native_name=ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ<br>Богд хаант Монгол Улс|image_flag=Flag of Bogd Khanate.svg|image_coat=Bogd Khanate Emblem.svg|capital=Niislel Khüree|mode_of_production=[[Feudalism]]|government_type=[[Theocratic]] [[monarchy]]|leader_title1=Khan|leader_name1=[[Bogd Khan]]|life_span=1911–1924|image_map=Mongolia map.svg|map_width=260|common_languages=Mongolian|religion=[[Buddhism]]}} | ||
The '''Bogd''' '''Khanate of Mongolia''' was a [[Theocracy|theocratic]] [[Feudalism|feudal]] state that existed between the [[Mongolian Revolution of 1911|1911 national liberation revolution]] and the [[Mongolian People's Revolution|1921 socialist revolution]] in Mongolia. | The '''Bogd''' '''Khanate of Mongolia''' was a [[Theocracy|theocratic]] [[Feudalism|feudal]] state that existed between the [[Mongolian Revolution of 1911|1911 national liberation revolution]] and the [[Mongolian People's Revolution|1921 socialist revolution]] in Mongolia. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
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In late 1917, fighting broke out near the northern border of Mongolia between workers and peasants and invading [[White Army|Whites]] and local feudal lords. In early 1918, the capitalists, [[Landlord|landlords]], [[Kulak|kulaks]], and Whiteguards who had been overthrown in Russia began fleeing into Mongolia, making the peasants desire a revolution in their own country. When the Whites took control of Siberia in late 1918, Soviet workers and peasants fled to Mongolia. The Bogd Khan allied with the pro-Japanese Anhui clique of Chinese warlords, who invaded Mongolia in 1918. In mid-1919, after retaking the East, the Soviet government abolished all unequal treaties Russia had had with Mongolia. The Khan rejected the Whiteguard [[Grigory Semyonov|Semyonov]]'s plan to unify all Mongol lands into a single state that Japan could control, which collapsed in 1919.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:272–5</sup> | In late 1917, fighting broke out near the northern border of Mongolia between workers and peasants and invading [[White Army|Whites]] and local feudal lords. In early 1918, the capitalists, [[Landlord|landlords]], [[Kulak|kulaks]], and Whiteguards who had been overthrown in Russia began fleeing into Mongolia, making the peasants desire a revolution in their own country. When the Whites took control of Siberia in late 1918, Soviet workers and peasants fled to Mongolia. The Bogd Khan allied with the pro-Japanese Anhui clique of Chinese warlords, who invaded Mongolia in 1918. In mid-1919, after retaking the East, the Soviet government abolished all unequal treaties Russia had had with Mongolia. The Khan rejected the Whiteguard [[Grigory Semyonov|Semyonov]]'s plan to unify all Mongol lands into a single state that Japan could control, which collapsed in 1919.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:272–5</sup> | ||
The Bogd Khan gave power to Chinese warlords led by [[Chen Yi]] in 1919 and continued to receive a large salary for himself and his wife. Mongolian feudal lords were still able to exploit the peasants without interference. In 1919 | The Bogd Khan gave power to Chinese warlords led by [[Chen Yi]] in 1919 and continued to receive a large salary for himself and his wife. Mongolian feudal lords were still able to exploit the peasants without interference. In November 1919, the [[Xu Shichang|Chinese president]] abolished the autonomy of Outer Mongolia. China forced the Mongolian peasants to pay for its military and for all losses caused to Chinese companies after independence in 1911.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:275–7</sup> | ||
In the summer of 1920, the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|UK]] and [[United States of America|USA]]-backed Zhili clique overthrew the Anhui clique. Chen Yi arrived in Mongolia as High Commissioner and arrested and tortured many revolutionaries | In the summer of 1920, the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|UK]] and [[United States of America|USA]]-backed Zhili clique overthrew the Anhui clique. Chen Yi arrived in Mongolia as High Commissioner and arrested and tortured many revolutionaries.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:281–2</sup> | ||
=== Socialist revolution === | === Socialist revolution === | ||
{{Main article|Mongolian People's Revolution}} | {{Main article|Mongolian People's Revolution}} | ||
== Economy == | == Economy == | ||