Editing Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions

The '''Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement''' ('''BDS''') is a global [[Palestine|Palestinian]]-led movement promoting boycotts, divestments and sanctions against the [[Israel|State of Israel]]. Its objective is to pressure Israel to meet what it describes as Israel's obligations under international law,<ref>{{harvnb|Tripp|2013|p=125|ps=: the BDS organized urged 'various forms of boycott against Israel until it meets its obligations under international law'}}</ref> defined as withdrawal from the occupied territories, removal of the separation barrier in the West Bank, full equality for Arab-Palestinian citizens of Israel, and "respecting, protecting, and promoting the rights of Palestinian refugees to return to their homes and properties".

BDS is modeled after the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=hnsOCwAAQBAJ&pg=PP2#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=What is BDS?|url=https://bdsmovement.net/what-is-bds|retrieved=2023-06-27}}</ref> Its proponents compare the Palestinians' plight to that of apartheid-era black South Africans.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=odEO0JqAuzMC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>

== History ==
Oh July 6, 2004, the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel (PACBI) called for an international boycott of Israeli academic and cultural institutes. The rational for this boycott is that Israeli academics and aiding the oppression of the Palestinian people by Israel. Among the many groups this initial movement received endorsements from are<ref>{{Web citation|author=Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Call for an Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel|date=2004-07-06|url=https://bdsmovement.net/pacbi/pacbi-call|retrieved=2023-06-27}}</ref>:

* General Union of Palestinian Women
* Palestinian Federation of Unions of University Professors and Employees
* Palestinian General Federation of Trade Unions
* Palestinian Journalists' Federation
* Palestinian Lawyers' Association
* Palestinian League of Artists
* Palestinian NGO Network, West Bank
* Palestinian Writers' Federation
* Teachers' Federation

On July 9, 2005, the Palestinian Call for Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions against Israel was openly made. This movement was endorsed by over 170 Palestinian organizations. It represents all of the Palestinian people. The BDS National Committee (BNC) was founded in November of 2007 as part of the Palestinian BDS Conference, which was held in Ramallah. The BNC is currently made up of the following members<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Palestinian BDS National Committee|url=https://bdsmovement.net/bnc|retrieved=2023-06-27}}</ref>:

* Agricultural Cooperatives Union
* Civic Coalition for the Defense of Palestinian Rights in Jerusalem
* Coalition for Jerusalem
* Council of National and Islamic Forces in Palestine
* Federation of Independent Trade Unions
* General Union of Palestinian Peasants
* General Union of Palestinian Teachers (GUPT)
* General Union of Palestinian Women
* General Union of Palestinian Writers
* Global Palestine Right of Return Coalition
* Grassroots Palestinian Anti-Apartheid Wall Campaign (STW)
* National Committee for Grassroots Resistance
* National Committee to Commemorate the Nakba
* Occupied Palestine and Syrian Golan Heights Initiative (OPGAI)
* Palestinian Bar Association
* Palestinian Campaign for the Academic & Cultural Boycott of Israel (PACBI)
* Palestinian Economic Monitor, Palestinian Federation of New Unions
* Palestinian Federation of Unions of University Professors and Employees (PFUUPE)
* Palestinian General Federation of Trade Unions (PGFTU)
* Palestinian Medical Association, Palestinian NGO Network (PNGO)
* Palestinian National Institute for NGOs
* Palestinian Trade Union Coalition for BDS (PTUC-BDS)
* Palestinian Union of Postal, IT & Telecommunications Workers, Popular Struggle Coordination Committee (PSCC)
* Union of Palestinian Charitable Organizations
* Union of Palestinian Farmers, Union of Professional Associations
* Union of Public Employees in Palestine-Civil Sector
* Union of Youth Activity Centers-Palestine Refugee Camps
* Women Campaign to Boycott Israeli Products

== Goals and Methods ==
The Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement has the following goals: Israel withdrawing from Arab lands and the removal of the Wall, Arab-Palestinians receiving full equality and fundamental rights, and the right of the Palestinian people to return to their homes and Israel obeying UN Resolution 194.<ref name=":0" /> BDS has currently called for the boycotts of the following companies<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Know what to boycott|url=https://bdsmovement.net/get-involved/what-to-boycott|retrieved=2023-06-27}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Act Now Against These Companies Profiting from the Genocide of the Palestinian People|date=2023-11-05|url=https://bdsmovement.net/Act-Now-Against-These-Companies-Profiting-From-Genocide|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Web citation|author=Palestinian BDS National Committee (BNC)|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=URGENT ACTION ALERT for meaningful support for Palestinians|date=2023-10-08|url=https://bdsmovement.net/news/urgent-action-alert-for-meaningful-support-for-palestinians|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>:

* Ahava Dead Sea Laboratories, Limited<ref>{{Web citation|author=Adri Nieuwhof|newspaper=The Electronic Intifada; BDS Movement|title=Boycott of Ahava Dead Sea products makes an impact|date=2009-12-02|url=https://bdsmovement.net/news/boycott-ahava-dead-sea-products-makes-impact|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* AXA S.A.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=AXA Divest|url=https://bdsmovement.net/axa-divest|retrieved=2023-06-27}}</ref>
* Carrefour<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=BOYCOTT CARREFOUR|url=https://bdsmovement.net/boycott-carrefour|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* HP Inc. and the Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company (HPE)<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Boycott HP|url=https://bdsmovement.net/boycott-hp|retrieved=2023-06-27}}</ref>
* Israeli agricultural produce
* Puma SE<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Boycott Puma|url=https://bdsmovement.net/boycott-puma|retrieved=2023-06-27}}</ref>
* RE/MAX Holdings, Inc.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Ben Norton|newspaper=Mondoweiss; BDS Movement|title=Boycott RE/MAX protests flood the US during Week of Action|date=2014-09-14|url=https://bdsmovement.net/news/boycott-remax-protests-flood-us-during-week-action|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Sabra Dipping Company, LLC<ref>{{Web citation|author=Sami Kishawi|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=‘Undip Sabra’ campaign hits DePaul’s bulletin boards and cafeteria cash registers|date=2011-01-17|url=https://bdsmovement.net/news/%E2%80%98undip-sabra%E2%80%99-campaign-hits-depaul%E2%80%99s-bulletin-boards-and-cafeteria-cash-registers|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Siemens AG<ref name=":3">{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=SIEMENS AND CHEVRON: STOP FUELING APARTHEID AND CLIMATE DISASTER|url=https://bdsmovement.net/siemens-and-chevron-stop-fueling-apartheid-and-climate-disaster|retrieved=2023-06-27}}</ref>
* SodaStream International Ltd.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Palestinian Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions National Committee (BNC)|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=“SodaStream is Still Subject to Boycott”|date=2018-08-22|url=https://bdsmovement.net/news/%E2%80%9Csodastream-still-subject-boycott%E2%80%9D|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>

BDS has currently targeted the following companies for its divestment campaigns<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />:

* Barclays plc<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Palestine Solidarity Campaign|title=Barclays: Don’t Bank on Apartheid|url=https://palestinecampaign.org/campaigns/stop-arming-israel-3/|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Caterpillar Inc. (CAT, Inc.)<ref name=":4">{{Web citation|author=Palestinian BDS National Committee|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Freedom and justice For Gaza: Boycott action against 7 complicit companies|date=2014-08-15|url=https://bdsmovement.net/news/freedom-and-justice-gaza-boycott-action-against-7-complicit-companies|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (Grupo CAF)<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=CAF get off Israel's apartheid train|url=https://bdsmovement.net/boycott-caf|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Chevron Corporation<ref name=":3" />
* Elbit Systems Ltd.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Palestinian BDS National Committee|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Striking back against Elbit Systems|date=2021-03-10|url=https://bdsmovement.net/Striking-Back-Against-Elbit-Systems|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* G4S and its parent company, Allied Universal<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Stop G4S|url=https://bdsmovement.net/stop-g4s|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Co., Ltd.<ref name=":1" />
* HD Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Palestinian BDS National Committee (BNC)|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Hyundai Heavy Industries: End Complicity With Apartheid|date=2022-06-07|url=https://bdsmovement.net/news/hyundai-heavy-industries-end-complicity-with-apartheid|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Israeli banks, particularly Bank Hapoalim and Bank Leumi<ref name=":4" />
* J.C. Bamford Excavators Limited (JCB)<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Civic Coalition for Palestinian Rights in Jerusalem calls for boycott in response to Beit Safafa highway|date=2014-02-03|url=https://bdsmovement.net/news/civic-coalition-palestinian-rights-jerusalem-calls-boycott-response-beit-safafa-highway|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Mekorot<ref name=":4" />
* TKH Security B.V.<ref name=":1" />
* Aktiebolaget VOLVO (AB VOLVO)<ref>{{Web citation|author=United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the occupied Palestinian territories|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=“Boycott businesses that profit from Israeli settlements” – UN Special Rapporteur|date=2012-10-26|url=https://bdsmovement.net/news/%E2%80%9Cboycott-businesses-profit-israeli-settlements%E2%80%9D-%E2%80%93-un-special-rapporteur|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>

BDS has also called for pressure against these companies but has not called for a boycott on strategic grounds<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />:

* Airbnb, Inc.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Palestinian BDS National Committee (BNC)|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Pledge to #deactivateAirbnb on May 15, Nakba Day|date=2019-05-08|url=https://bdsmovement.net/deactivateairbnb|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Amazon.com, Inc.<ref name=":5">{{Web citation|newspaper=No Tech For Apartheid|title=No Tech For Apartheid|url=https://www.notechforapartheid.com/|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Booking.com<ref name=":6">{{Web citation|author=Al-Shabaka: The Palestinian Policy Network|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Tourism in Service of Israeli Occupation and Annexation|date=2020-10-13|url=https://bdsmovement.net/news/tourism-service-israeli-occupation-and-annexation|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Expedia Inc.<ref name=":6" />
* Google LLC<ref name=":5" />
* The Walt Disney Company<ref>{{Web citation|author=Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel (PACBI)|newspaper=BDS Movement|title=Palestinians call to boycott Marvel's apartheid Israel superhero movie|date=2023-04-27|url=https://bdsmovement.net/boycott-captain-america|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>

BDS also supports these organic grassroots boycott campaigns that it did not initiate<ref name=":1" />:

* Burger King Corporation (BK)<ref name=":1" />
* Domino's Pizza, Inc.<ref name=":7">{{Web citation|author=@BDSmovement|date=2023-10-23|url=https://x.com/BDSmovement/status/1716444746380362046|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* McDonald's Corporation<ref name=":7" />
* Papa John's International, Inc., d/b/a Papa Johns<ref name=":7" />
* Pizza Hut<ref name=":7" />
* Starbucks Corporation<ref>{{Web citation|author=Joan Zahra Dark|newspaper=The Mary Sue|title=What You Should Know About the BDS Movement and the Companies on Its Boycott List|date=2023-11-07|url=https://www.themarysue.com/bds-boycott-list-all-companies-to-boycott-for-palestine/|retrieved=2023-11-10}}</ref>
* Wix.com Ltd.<ref name=":1" />

Additionally, BDS calls for boycotts of all academic, cultural, sports, and tourism engagements taking place in or sponsored by Israel or its lobby groups and complicit institutions<ref name=":2" />.

== External links ==
{{External links|Wikipedia=Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions}}

== References ==