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| ===Lack of Objective Analysis=== | | ===Lack of Objective Analysis=== |
| The DSM does not require the use of objective analysis. | | The DSM does not require the use of objective analysis. |
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| ===Questionable Pathologization===
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| ====Homosexuality====
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| The DSM-I and DSM-II classified homosexuality as personality disorders under abnormal sexual deviations.<ref name='dsm-i sexuality'>{{Citation|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - Mental Disorders|section=II|chapter=B. Definition of Terms|year=1952|page=31-32|title-url=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceb275ndh7vzuy6x4u32vrnnhyfwqdx2ta7thv5fspddgj5ywqx632?filename=Committee%20on%20Nomenclature%20and%20Statistics%20of%20the%20American%20Psychiatric%20Association%2C%20M.D.%20George%20N.%20Raines%20-%20Diagnrostic%20and%20Statistical%20Manual%20-%20Mental%20Disorders%20.%20vol%201-American%20Psychiatric%20Association%20.pdf|page=38-39|author=American Psychiatric Association|quote='''Sexual Deviation''':
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| This diagnosis is reserved for deviant sexuality which is not symptomatic of more extensive syndromes, such as schizophrenic and obsessional reactions. The term includes most of the cases formerly classed as "psychopathic personality with pathologic sexuality." The diagnosis will specify the type of the pathologic behavior, such as homosexuality, transvestism, pedophilia, fetishism and sexual sadism (including rape, sexual assault, mutilation).}}</ref><ref name='dsm-ii sexuality'>{{Citation|title=DSM-II Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Second Edition)|year=1968|section=Personality Disorders and Certain Other Non-psychotic Mental Disorders|page=44|quote='''302 Sexual deviations'''
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| This category is for individuals whose sexual interests are directed primarily toward objects other than people of the opposite sex, toward sexual acts not usually associated with coitus, or toward coitus performed under bizarre circumstances as in necrophilia, pedophilia, sexual sadism, and fetishism. Even though many find their practices distasteful, they remain unable to substitute normal sexual behavior for them. This diagnosis is not appropriate for individuals who perform deviant sexual acts because normal sexual objects are not available to them.
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| '''302.0 Homosexuality'''
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| '''302.3 Transvestitism'''
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| '''302.4 Exhibitionism'''
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| '''302.5* Voyeurism*'''
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| '''302.6* Sadism*'''
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| '''302.7* Masochism*'''|title-url=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacebzx6qualq2ux5oms4zpx4qtrrm4ii7bl6aba32pxpi7gaoud636s?filename=Committee%20on%20Nomenclature%20and%20Statistics%20of%20the%20American%20Psychiatric%20Association%20-%20DSM-II%20Diagnostic%20and%20Statistical%20Manual%20of%20Mental%20Disorders%20%28Second%20Edition%29%20%281968%29.pdf}}</ref>
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| ====Transvestitism====
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| Transvestism was classified in the DSM-I and DSM-II as a sexual deviation; while the subsequent iterations classify it as a paraphilic disorder.<ref name='dsm-i sexuality' /><ref name='dsm-ii sexuality' /><ref name='dsm-iii paraphilias'>{{Citation|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Third Edition|year=1980|chapter=The Diagnostic Categories: Text and Criteria|section=Psychosexual Disorders|page=18|quote='''Paraphilias'''
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| 302.30 Transvestism
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| 302.83 Sexual masochism
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| 302.84 Sexual sadism}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM-5|isbn=9780890425558|page=734|quote=B. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.}}</ref> This classification has garnered controversy from transvestites as they argue that classification associates transvestism with stigma and imply that transvestism is a mental disorder.
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| ====Sadism & Masochism====
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| Sadism and masochism was classified in the DSM-I and DSM-II as a sexual deviation;<ref name='dsm-i sexuality' /><ref name='dsm-ii sexuality' /> while the subsequent iterations classify them as a paraphilic disorder.<ref name='dsm-iii paraphilias' /><ref name='dsm-iv parahilia'>{{Citation|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fourth Edition|isbn=9780890420614|page=493|chapter=Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders|quote=The Paraphilias are characterized by recurrent, intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve unusual objects, activities, or situations and cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The Paraphilias include Exhibitionism, Fetishism, Frotteurism, Pedophilia, Sexual Masochism, Sexual Sadism, Transvestic Fetishism, Voyeurism, and Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified.}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM-5|isbn=9780890425558|page=726}}</ref> This classification has garnered criticism from [[BDSM]] practitioners for potential discrimination of general BDSM practitioners; there was no requirement for clinically significant impairment; and perpetuation of stigma around BDSM.<ref>{{Web citation|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/01/bdsm-versus-the-dsm/384138/|title=BDSM Versus the DSM|author=Merissa Nathan Gerson|date=2015-01-13}}</ref> However, the DSM-5 introduced a criterion that Sexual Sadism and Masochism Disorder must cause clinically significant distress.<ref>{{Citation|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM-5|isbn=9780890425558|page=726|quote=B. The fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.}}</ref>
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| ===Financial conflicts of interest=== | | ===Financial conflicts of interest=== |
| A large portion of the designing staff of the DSM-IV had received funding, in some method, from pharmaceutical companies.<ref name='10.1159/000091772'>{{Citation|doi=10.1159/000091772|author=Cosgrove, L., Krimsky, S., Vijayaraghavan, M., & Schneider, L.|year=2006|title=Financial Ties between DSM-IV Panel Members and the Pharmaceutical Industry|journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics|volume=75(3)|page=154–160}}</ref> | | A large portion of the designing staff of the DSM-IV had received funding, in some method, from pharmaceutical companies.<ref name='10.1159/000091772'>{{Citation|doi=10.1159/000091772|author=Cosgrove, L., Krimsky, S., Vijayaraghavan, M., & Schneider, L.|year=2006|title=Financial Ties between DSM-IV Panel Members and the Pharmaceutical Industry|journal=Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics|volume=75(3)|page=154–160}}</ref> |
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| ==Further Reading==
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| * {{Citation|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=FE32C809B15A40E2392540D3C4313BF9|year=1952|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - Mental Disorders}}
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| * {{Citation|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=CEE306C052E063DD954C775F8B000903|year=1968|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Second Edition}}
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| * {{Citation|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=7EAF5D60E26D98FEE161AE5F822BB8BC|year=1980|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Third Edition}}
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| :* {{Citation|isbn=9780890420195|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=D84850F5896D5CA5F35007684750297E|year=1987|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Third Edition (Revision) DSM-III-R}}
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| * {{Citation|isbn=9780890420614|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=1C0CAED201279E639585ADFD9D6378F1|year=1994|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fourth Edition}}
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| :* {{Citation|isbn=9780890420256|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9D54201D583599BE218424B7F3D5C3D6|year=2005|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: Fourth Edition (Text Revision). (DSM-IV-TR)}}
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| * {{Citation|isbn=9780890425558|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=847B4C8D67BF4B6B62137A6B7830F180|year=2013|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition: DSM-5}}
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| :*{{Citation|isbn=9780890425770|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=BC6448E9B834A33B0CB762184B195A91|year=2022|author=American Psychiatric Association|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition Text Revision: DSM-5-TR}}
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| ==References==
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| <references />
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| [[Category:Psychiatry]] | | [[Category:Psychiatry]] |
