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'''Gálicz János''' (1890 – 1939), also known as '''José Ivanovich Gal''', '''General Gal''', or '''General Gall''', was a [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Hungarian]]-[[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] commander of the [[Spanish Civil War]]. | '''Gálicz János''' (1890 – 1939), also known as '''José Ivanovich Gal''', '''General Gal''', or '''General Gall''', was a [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Hungarian]]-[[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] commander of the [[Spanish Civil War]]. | ||
Gálicz served in the [[Land Forces of Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Army]] during [[First World War|World War I]]. He was captured by the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russians]], became a [[Marxism|Marxist | Gálicz served in the [[Land Forces of Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Army]] during [[First World War|World War I]]. He was captured by the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russians]], became a [[Marxism|Marxist]], and fought in the [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]. He also participated in [[Béla Kun]]'s [[Republic of Councils in Hungary (1919)|Hungarian Soviet Republic]], although he was forced into exile to [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russia]] after the republic collapsed. | ||
Gal gained infamy for his actions as commander of the [[XV International Brigade]]. During the [[Battle of Jarama]] in 1937, he sent hundreds of his own men to their deaths in what [[Ernest Hemingway]] later described as an "idiotic, stupidly conceived and insanely executed attack"<ref name=":0">[[Gustav Regler|Regler, Gustav]]; [[Ernest Hemingway|Hemingway, Ernest]]; [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers, Whittaker]]; [[Henry Hay (writer)|Mussey, June Barrows]] (1940).: ''The Great Crusade''. Longmans, Green & Co. New York. p. vii.</ref> on [[Pingarrón|Pingarrón Hill]], also known as "Suicide Hill",<ref>[[Tom Wintringham|Wintringham, Thomas Henry]] (1940).: [https://www.marxists.org/archive/wintringham/1940/02/jarama.htm ''Comrades of Jarama'']. [[Volunteer for Liberty|''Volunteer for Liberty'']]. p. 4.</ref> throwing outnumbered and inexperienced troops at a heavily-fortified uphill enemy position, against the advice of his subordinates.<ref>[[Marion Merriman|Merriman, Marion]] (1986).: [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1986/06/29/for-whom-the-bell-tolled/a54132bb-9231-4a43-9a2d-a0a81f46e595/ ''For Whom the Bell Tolled'']. [[The Washington Post|''The Washington Post'']].</ref> Hemingway wrote that "He [Gálicz] should have been shot at the time."<ref name=":0" /> | Gal gained infamy for his actions as commander of the [[XV International Brigade]]. During the [[Battle of Jarama]] in 1937, he sent hundreds of his own men to their deaths in what [[Ernest Hemingway]] later described as an "idiotic, stupidly conceived and insanely executed attack"<ref name=":0">[[Gustav Regler|Regler, Gustav]]; [[Ernest Hemingway|Hemingway, Ernest]]; [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers, Whittaker]]; [[Henry Hay (writer)|Mussey, June Barrows]] (1940).: ''The Great Crusade''. Longmans, Green & Co. New York. p. vii.</ref> on [[Pingarrón|Pingarrón Hill]], also known as "Suicide Hill",<ref>[[Tom Wintringham|Wintringham, Thomas Henry]] (1940).: [https://www.marxists.org/archive/wintringham/1940/02/jarama.htm ''Comrades of Jarama'']. [[Volunteer for Liberty|''Volunteer for Liberty'']]. p. 4.</ref> throwing outnumbered and inexperienced troops at a heavily-fortified uphill enemy position, against the advice of his subordinates.<ref>[[Marion Merriman|Merriman, Marion]] (1986).: [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1986/06/29/for-whom-the-bell-tolled/a54132bb-9231-4a43-9a2d-a0a81f46e595/ ''For Whom the Bell Tolled'']. [[The Washington Post|''The Washington Post'']].</ref> Hemingway wrote that "He [Gálicz] should have been shot at the time."<ref name=":0" /> | ||