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| {{Infobox military person|native_name=Gálicz János|native_name_lang=Hungarian|name=János Gálicz|nickname=General Gal|birth_date=1890|birth_place=[[Tótkomlós]], [[Békés County (1860–1946)|Békés County]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1918)|Hungary]], [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Austria-Hungary)]]|death_date=1939 (aged 48–49)|image=File:János Gálicz.webp|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russian SFSR]], [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]]|allegiance=Austria-Hungary<br>[[Socialist Federative Republic of Councils in Hungary (1919)|Hungarian Soviet Republic]]<br>Soviet Union<br>|branch=[[Red Army]]<br>[[International Brigades]]|rank=[[Polkovnik]]|commands=[[XV International Brigade|Abraham Lincoln Brigade]]<br>[[15th Division (People's Army of the Republic)|15th Division]]|known for=his actions during the [[Spanish Civil War]]|battles=* [[First World War]] | | {{infobox person|name=János Gálicz|image=János Gálicz.webp|birth_date=1890|death_date=20 October 1939|death_place=[[Moscow]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russian SFSR]], [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]]|birth_place=[[Tótkomlós]], [[Békés County]], [[Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen]], [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Austria-Hungary)]]|nationality=Hungarian (1914–????)<br>Soviet (1922–1939)|caption=Photo of a Soviet officer, presumably Gálicz|known=His actions during the Spanish Civil War|death_cause=Execution}} |
| * [[Russian Civil War]]
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| * [[Spanish Civil War]]
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| ** [[Battle of Jarama]]
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| ** [[Battle of Brunete]]}}
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| '''Gálicz János''' (1890 – 1939), also known as '''José Ivanovich Gal''', '''General Gal''', or '''General Gall''', was a [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Hungarian]]-[[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] commander of the [[Spanish Civil War]]. | | '''János Gálicz''', '''José Ivanovich Gal''' (pseudonym), or '''General Gal''' was a [[Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918)|Hungarian]]-[[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] brigade commander who fought in both the [[Spanish Civil War|Spanish]] and [[Russian Civil War|Russian Civil Wars]] as well as [[First World War|World War I]]. Gálicz gained infamy for his actions in [[Spanish Republic (1931–1939)|Spain]], often throwing outnumbered and inexperienced troops at heavily fortified enemy positions, against the advice of his subordinates. [[Ernest Hemingway]] wrote that the conditions in his sector were "deplorable" and that "he should have been shot." Hemingway's wish was granted, as in 1939, Gálicz was tried by a people's court and sentenced to death in Moscow.<ref>[[Martin Kitchen|Kitchen, Martin]] (2006).: ''Europe Between the Wars.'' Second Edition. [[Longman]]. [[London]]. </ref> |
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| Gálicz served in the [[Land Forces of Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian Army]] during [[First World War|World War I]]. He was captured by the [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Russians]], became a [[Marxism|Marxist]], was freed by the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Bolsheviks]], and fought in the [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] during the [[Russian Civil War]]. He also participated in [[Béla Kun]]'s [[Republic of Councils in Hungary (1919)|Hungarian Soviet Republic]], although he was forced into exile to [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russia]] after the republic collapsed.<ref>[[Cecil D. Eby|Eby, Cecil D.]] (2007).: ''Comrades and Commissars: The Lincoln Battalion in the Spanish Civil War''. [[Penn State University Press]]. p. 65.</ref>
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| Gal gained infamy for his actions as commander of the [[XV International Brigade]]. During the [[Battle of Jarama]] in 1937, he sent hundreds of his own men to their deaths in what [[Ernest Hemingway]] later described as an "idiotic, stupidly conceived and insanely executed attack"<ref name=":0">[[Gustav Regler|Regler, Gustav]]; [[Ernest Hemingway|Hemingway, Ernest]]; [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers, Whittaker]]; [[Henry Hay (writer)|Mussey, June Barrows]] (1940).: ''The Great Crusade''. Longmans, Green & Co. New York. p. vii.</ref> on [[Pingarrón|Pingarrón Hill]], also known as "Suicide Hill",<ref>[[Tom Wintringham|Wintringham, Thomas Henry]] (1940).: [https://www.marxists.org/archive/wintringham/1940/02/jarama.htm ''Comrades of Jarama'']. [[Volunteer for Liberty|''Volunteer for Liberty'']]. p. 4.</ref> throwing outnumbered and inexperienced troops at a heavily-fortified uphill enemy position, against the advice of his subordinates.<ref>[[Marion Merriman|Merriman, Marion]] (1986).: [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/1986/06/29/for-whom-the-bell-tolled/a54132bb-9231-4a43-9a2d-a0a81f46e595/ ''For Whom the Bell Tolled'']. [[The Washington Post|''The Washington Post'']].</ref> Hemingway wrote that "He [Gálicz] should have been shot at the time."<ref name=":0" />
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| Gálicz later served as the commander of the [[15th Division (People's Army of the Republic)|15th Division]].
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| Gálicz was removed from his position after the "deplorable" conditions in his sector became known, and in 1939, after he returned to the Soviet Union, he was tried by a people's court and sentenced to death by shooting.<ref name=":0" /> The sentence was carried out on 20 October 1939.
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| == References == | | == References == |
| [[Category:1890 births]] | | [[Category:Red_Army_soldiers]] |
| [[Category:1939 deaths]] | | [[Category:Anti-fascists]] |
| [[Category:Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I]]
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| [[Category:Hungarian anti-fascists]]
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| [[Category:Hungarian communists]] | | [[Category:Hungarian communists]] |
| [[Category:Red_Army_officers]]
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| [[Category:Soviet military personnel of the Russian Civil War]]
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| [[Category:Soviet military personnel of the Spanish Civil War]]
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