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In 1896, the Hawaiian language was banned. By 1897, 90 percent of Hawaiian nationals had signed what became known as the Kū’e Petitions opposing and effectively stopping legal annexation through a treaty between the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and the United States. In 1898, the [[Spanish–Statesian War|Spanish-Statesian War]] broke out, and the strategic use of the naval base at Pearl Harbor during the war convinced Congress to approve formal annexation. Despite mass opposition and local resistance, Hawaii was officially annexed by the United States in July 1898.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">Imani Altemus-Williams. 2015. [https://intercontinentalcry.org/towards-hawaiian-independence/ “Towards Hawaiian Independence | Intercontinental Cry.”] Intercontinentalcry.org. December 7, 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://intercontinentalcry.org/towards-hawaiian-independence/ Archived] 2022-08-24.</ref> | In 1896, the Hawaiian language was banned. By 1897, 90 percent of Hawaiian nationals had signed what became known as the Kū’e Petitions opposing and effectively stopping legal annexation through a treaty between the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and the United States. In 1898, the [[Spanish–Statesian War|Spanish-Statesian War]] broke out, and the strategic use of the naval base at Pearl Harbor during the war convinced Congress to approve formal annexation. Despite mass opposition and local resistance, Hawaii was officially annexed by the United States in July 1898.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">Imani Altemus-Williams. 2015. [https://intercontinentalcry.org/towards-hawaiian-independence/ “Towards Hawaiian Independence | Intercontinental Cry.”] Intercontinentalcry.org. December 7, 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://intercontinentalcry.org/towards-hawaiian-independence/ Archived] 2022-08-24.</ref> | ||
=== U.S. occupation === | === U.S. occupation === |