Editing Holodomor

The claim that the Soviet government deliberately starved their people was first published in 18 August 1933 by the ''Völkischer Beobachter'', a newspaper organ of the [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|Nazi Party]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Douglas Tottle|year=1987|title=Fraud, famine and fascism: the Ukrainian genocide myth from Hitler to Harvard|page=2|publisher=Progress Books|isbn=9780919396517|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=EF6613E063EEAEB3C4B598C25ED0110F|quote=Featured in the Nazi press in 1933, the famine-genocide campaign moved to Britain in 1934, and to the United States the year after. In Germany, a country with a history of strong communist, socialist and trade union movements, the Nazis created the first organized propaganda campaign (1933-1935) as part of their consolidation of power. In Britain and the United States, on the other hand, the campaign was advanced as part of right-wing efforts to keep the Soviet Union isolated and out of the League of Nations. It also served to discourage growing working class militancy in the Great Depression.}}</ref> This claim was reproduced in a 6 August 1934 publication in the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] tabloid ''London Daily Express'',<ref>{{Citation|author=Douglas Tottle|year=1987|title=Fraud, famine and fascism: the Ukrainian genocide myth from Hitler to Harvard|page=11|publisher=Progress Books|isbn=9780919396517|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=EF6613E063EEAEB3C4B598C25ED0110F|quote=Portions of the 1935 Hearst-Walker series, including some of the photos, had in fact appeared the year previous in the August 6, 1934 London Daily Express. Attributed to an anonymous young English "tourist,” the story includes a virtually identical account of Walker’s "frog child” fabrication. However, this earlier version of the hoax locates the tale in Belgorod — which is in Russia proper. Subsequent versions of the hoax over the decades politically relocate the story to Kharkov, which is of course in Ukraine.}}</ref> and in several articles published since 18 February 1935 by the [[United States of America|Statesian]] newspapers ''Chicago American'' and ''New York Evening Journal'', both owned by corporate press magnate [[William Rudolph Hearst]],<ref>{{Citation|author=Douglas Tottle|year=1987|title=Fraud, famine and fascism: the Ukrainian genocide myth from Hitler to Harvard|page=5|publisher=Progress Books|isbn=9780919396517|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=EF6613E063EEAEB3C4B598C25ED0110F|quote=In the fall of 1934, an American using the name Thomas Walker entered the Soviet Union. After tarrying less than a week in Moscow, he spent the remainder of his thirteen-day journey in transit to the Manchurian border, at which point he left the USSR never to return. This seemingly uneventful journey was the pretext for one of the greatest frauds ever perpetrated in the history of 20th century journalism.

Some four months later, on February 18, 1935, a series of articles began in the Hearst press by Thom as Walker, "noted journalist, traveller and student of Russian affairs who has spent several years touring the Union of Soviet Russia.” The articles, appearing in the Chicago American and New York Evening Journal for example, described in hair-raising prose a mammoth famine in the Ukraine which, it was alleged, had claimed "six million” lives the previous year. Accompanying the stories were photographs portraying the devastation of the famine, for which it was claimed Walker had smuggled in a camera under the "most adverse and dangerous possible circumstances." [...]}}</ref> the founder of sensationalist yellow journalism. By the time these articles were published, there were already no longer signs of famine in the USSR. These newspapers used fabrications to illustrate their articles by using photographs from a [[Soviet famine of 1921|past famine]] in the Soviet Union caused by the [[Russian Civil War]].<ref>{{Citation|author=Douglas Tottle|year=1987|title=Fraud, famine and fascism: the Ukrainian genocide myth from Hitler to Harvard|page=34|publisher=Progress Books|isbn=9780919396517|lg=http://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=EF6613E063EEAEB3C4B598C25ED0110F|quote=Dr. Ditloff [...] was Director of the German government’s agricultural concession in the North Caucasus under an agreement between the German government and the Soviets. When Hitler took power in early 1933, Ditloff [...] did not resign in protest. He remained as Director for the project’s duration, indicating that the Nazis did not consider him inimical to their interests. Following his return to Nazi Germany later that year, Ditloff gathered or fronted for a spurious assortment of famine photographs. These, as has been shown, included photos stolen from 1921-1922 famine sources. In addition, at least 25 of the Ditloff photos can be shown to have been released by the Nazis, many of which were passed to or picked up by various anti-Soviet and pro-fascist publishers abroad.}}</ref>

The term Holodomor was first used in the 1980s by Ukrainian neo-Nazis, possibly as a way to link the word -- and famine -- to the earlier [[Holocaust]]. The word ''Holodomor'' was created from the Ukrainian words ''holod'', hunger or famine, and ''mor'', death. Thus the word means "death by hunger", despite the word ''holod'' already meaning the same thing.

=== Ewald Ammende ===

=== Robert Conquest ===

=== Soviet leadership intentionally caused famine ===

=== Ukrainian nationalism ===