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| death_date = {{death date and age|2013|3|5|1954|7|28|df=yes}} | | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|3|5|1954|7|28|df=yes}} | ||
| death_place = Caracas, [[Venezuela]] | | death_place = Caracas, [[Venezuela]] | ||
| political_line = [[Chavismo]]<br>[[ | | political_line = [[Chavismo]]<br>[[Anti-imperialism]]<br>[[Democratic socialism]] | ||
| political_party= | | political_party=[[United Socialist Party of Venezuela]]}} | ||
'''Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías''' (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela|Venezuelan]] military official, politician and President of the [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela]] from 1999 until his death | '''Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías''' (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela|Venezuelan]] military official, politician and President of the [[Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela]] from 1999 until his death. His profound [[Socialism|socialist]] and [[Latin American integration|integrationist]] ideas inherited from the thought of [[Simón Bolívar]] and [[Francisco de Miranda]] made him the undisputed leader of the [[Bolivarian Revolution]]. | ||
== Early life == | == Early life == | ||
Chávez was born in Sabaneta in | Chávez was born in Sabaneta in Barinas state in the plains of Venezuela. Both of his parents were primary school teachers.<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Tricontinental]]|title=The Strategic Revolutionary Thought and Legacy of Hugo Chávez Ten Years After His Death|date=2023-02-28|url=https://thetricontinental.org/dossier-61-chavez/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429215204/https://thetricontinental.org/dossier-61-chavez/|archive-date=2023-04-29}}</ref> | ||
== Military career == | == Military career == | ||
In 1982, Chávez and a group of his comrades in the military formed the [[Bolivarian Revolutionary Army 2000]]. In 1983, he renamed it to the Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement 200, named for the 200th birthday of Simón Bolívar.<ref name=":0" /> | |||
In 1982, Chávez and a group of his comrades in the military formed the [[Bolivarian Revolutionary Army 2000]]. In 1983, he renamed it to the Bolivarian Revolutionary Movement 200, named for the 200th birthday of Simón Bolívar | |||
== Presidency == | == Presidency == | ||
A very broad popular sentiment in favor of substantive changes in the conduct of State affairs was evident on December 6, 1998, when 56.20% of the voters elected Chávez as Constitutional President of the then Republic of Venezuela.<ref>{{Citation|title=Elecciones presidenciales cuadro comparativo 1958-2000|pdf=http://www.cne.gob.ve/web/documentos/estadisticas/e006.pdf|publisher=Consejo Nacional Electoral}}</ref> This fact was considered by respected analysts as one of the most momentous achievements in the contemporary political history of Venezuela. With the elections of July 30, 2000, Chavez's political project was crystallized and relegitimized as President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela with 59.5% of the vote. | A very broad popular sentiment in favor of substantive changes in the conduct of State affairs was evident on December 6, 1998, when 56.20% of the voters elected Chávez as Constitutional President of the then Republic of Venezuela.<ref>{{Citation|title=Elecciones presidenciales cuadro comparativo 1958-2000|pdf=http://www.cne.gob.ve/web/documentos/estadisticas/e006.pdf|publisher=Consejo Nacional Electoral}}</ref> This fact was considered by respected analysts as one of the most momentous achievements in the contemporary political history of Venezuela. With the elections of July 30, 2000, Chavez's political project was crystallized and relegitimized as President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela with 59.5% of the vote. | ||
In the presidential elections of the December 3, 2006, he was reelected president with a major lead, gaining more than seven million votes (62.84%) compared to the 36.90% achieved by the opposition candidate Manuel Rosales, who recognized the result that night. In October 2012, Chávez again won the presidential elections in his country, this time defeating Henrique Capriles, governor of the state of Miranda and candidate of the opposition coalition, with 55% of the votes. | In the presidential elections of the December 3, 2006, he was reelected president with a major lead, gaining more than seven million votes (62.84%) compared to the 36.90% achieved by the opposition candidate Manuel Rosales, who recognized the result that night. In October 2012, Chávez again won the presidential elections in his country, this time defeating Henrique Capriles, governor of the state of Miranda and candidate of the opposition coalition, with 55% of the votes. | ||
In 2007, Chávez met with [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Lula da Silva]], [[Evo Morales]], [[Néstor Kirchner]], and [[Rafael Correa]] to sign a treaty creating the [[Bank of the South]] to unite the economies of [[Latin America]] against [[United States imperialism|U.S. imperialism]]. The launch of the bank was prevented by a series of right-wing coups beginning in [[Republic of Honduras|Honduras]] in 2009. The United States also sabotaged UNASUR, which was founded in 2008 and became operational in 2011. After Chávez's death, Lula plans to strengthen these institutions.<ref>{{Web citation|date=2022-12-01|title=Latin America’s plan to challenge US dollar with new currency and ‘regional financial architecture’|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/01/latin-america-us-dollar-currency/|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202011312/https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/01/latin-america-us-dollar-currency/|archive-date=2022-12-02|retrieved=2022-12-04|author=[[Ben Norton]]}}</ref> | In 2007, Chávez met with [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva|Lula da Silva]], [[Evo Morales]], [[Néstor Kirchner]], and [[Rafael Correa]] to sign a treaty creating the [[Bank of the South]] to unite the economies of [[Latin America]] against [[United States imperialism|U.S. imperialism]]. The launch of the bank was prevented by a series of right-wing coups beginning in [[Republic of Honduras|Honduras]] in 2009. The United States also sabotaged UNASUR, which was founded in 2008 and became operational in 2011. After Chávez's death, Lula plans to strengthen these institutions.<ref>{{Web citation|date=2022-12-01|title=Latin America’s plan to challenge US dollar with new currency and ‘regional financial architecture’|url=https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/01/latin-america-us-dollar-currency/|newspaper=[[Multipolarista]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202011312/https://multipolarista.com/2022/12/01/latin-america-us-dollar-currency/|archive-date=2022-12-02|retrieved=2022-12-04|author=[[Ben Norton]]}}</ref> | ||
== Death == | == Death == | ||
Hugo Chávez died on March 5, 2013, at the Military Hospital in Venezuela due to cancer that had affected him since 2011. His death was received by the people with great shock, while the government and their relatives received messages of condolence from all around the world. | Hugo Chávez died on March 5, 2013, at the Military Hospital in Venezuela due to cancer that had affected him since 2011. His death was received by the people with great shock, while the government and their relatives received messages of condolence from all around the world. | ||
[[United States of America|U.S.]] bioweapons | Chávez's death may have been caused by [[United States of America|U.S.]] bioweapons. The U.S. worked to produce drugs that could cause cancer and had been working on plans to assassinate Chávez since 2002.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=[[Orinoco Tribune]]|title=Russian Army Commander Links Hugo Chávez’s Death to US Biowarfare|date=2022-08-04|url=https://orinocotribune.com/russian-army-commander-links-hugo-chavezs-death-to-us-biowarfare/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805032146/https://orinocotribune.com/russian-army-commander-links-hugo-chavezs-death-to-us-biowarfare/|archive-date=2022-08-05|retrieved=2022-08-07}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == |