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[[File:Industrial Factories.png|thumb|235x235px|Industrial factories from the Industrial Revolution]] | |||
'''The Industrial Revolution''' marks a pivotal period in [[human history]] characterized by a fundamental shift from agrarian and handmade goods production to industrial manufacturing processes, drastically altering socioeconomic structures worldwide. | '''The Industrial Revolution''' marks a pivotal period in [[human history]] characterized by a fundamental shift from agrarian and handmade goods production to industrial manufacturing processes, drastically altering socioeconomic structures worldwide. This epoch, originating in [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|Britain]] during the late [[18th Century|18th century]], rapidly spread across [[Europe]] and eventually reached other continents. | ||
== | == Historicalcontext == | ||
=== Emergence of capitalism === | === Emergence of capitalism === | ||
The Industrial Revolution stemmed from the development of [[capitalism]], where [[Private property|private ownership]] of the [[means of production]] increased, creating a system where the [[bourgeoisie]] owned and controlled the factories, while the [[proletariat]] provided [[Labour|labor]]. | The Industrial Revolution stemmed from the development of [[capitalism]], where [[Private property|private ownership]] of the [[means of production]] increased, creating a system where the [[bourgeoisie]] owned and controlled the factories, while the [[proletariat]] provided [[Labour|labor]]. | ||
==== Transition from feudalism ==== | ==== Transition from feudalism ==== | ||
Preceding the Industrial Revolution, European societies primarily operated under [[feudalism]], where [[Landlord|landowners]] held power, and agrarian economies dominated. The [[enclosure movement]] and agricultural advancements gradually displaced [[Peasantry|peasants]] from the land, compelling them to seek work in burgeoning urban centers. | Preceding the Industrial Revolution, European societies primarily operated under [[feudalism]], where [[Landlord|landowners]] held power, and agrarian economies dominated. The [[enclosure movement]] and agricultural advancements gradually displaced [[Peasantry|peasants]] from the land, compelling them to seek work in burgeoning urban centers. | ||
==== Rise of capitalist relations ==== | ==== Rise of capitalist relations ==== | ||
This transition to capitalism was marked by the [[Concentration of Wealth|concentration of wealth]] and the rise of a bourgeois class. | This transition to capitalism was marked by the [[Concentration of Wealth|concentration of wealth]] and the rise of a bourgeois class. The bourgeoisie, driven by [[profit]] motives, invested in industries and amassed [[capital]]. Simultaneously, the proletariat, dispossessed of land and means of production, became a labor force available for hire. | ||
==== Exploitative nature of capitalism ==== | ==== Exploitative nature of capitalism ==== | ||
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==== Social and economic transformations ==== | ==== Social and economic transformations ==== | ||
The shift from [[Agriculture|agrarian economies]] to [[Industrial Manufacturing|industrial manufacturing]] brought profound social and economic transformations. [[Urbanization]] surged as people [[Migration|migrated]] from [[rural]] areas to cities in search of [[employment]]. [[Factory Work|Factory work]] became the predominant form of labor, with workers subjected to grueling conditions, long hours, and minimal [[Wage|wages]]. | The shift from [[Agriculture|agrarian economies]] to [[Industrial Manufacturing|industrial manufacturing]] brought profound social and economic transformations. [[Urbanization]] surged as people [[Migration|migrated]] from [[rural]] areas to cities in search of [[employment]]. [[Factory Work|Factory work]] became the predominant form of labor, with workers subjected to grueling conditions, long hours, and minimal [[Wage|wages]]. | ||
=== Marxist critique of capitalism during the Industrial Revolution === | === Marxist critique of capitalism during the Industrial Revolution === | ||
==== Capitalist contradictions ==== | ==== Capitalist contradictions ==== | ||
[[Karl Marx|Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]] analyzed the Industrial Revolution as a period where the [[Contradiction|contradictions]] inherent in capitalism became more pronounced. The stark contrast between the affluent bourgeoisie and the exploited proletariat laid the groundwork for [[class consciousness]] and the understanding of the exploitative nature of capitalist production relations. | [[Karl Marx|Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]] analyzed the Industrial Revolution as a period where the [[Contradiction|contradictions]] inherent in capitalism became more pronounced. The stark contrast between the affluent bourgeoisie and the exploited proletariat laid the groundwork for [[class consciousness]] and the understanding of the exploitative nature of capitalist production relations. | ||
==== Seeds of revolutionary thought ==== | ==== Seeds of revolutionary thought ==== | ||
The conditions during the Industrial Revolution laid bare the exploitative nature of capitalism, sowing the seeds of [[Revolutionary Thought|revolutionary thought]] among the working class. The struggle for better [[Working Conditions|working conditions]], fair wages, and [[rights]] laid the foundation for the [[Labor Movement|labor movement]] and [[Socialism|socialist ideologies]] advocating for the overthrow of the capitalist system. | The conditions during the Industrial Revolution laid bare the exploitative nature of capitalism, sowing the seeds of [[Revolutionary Thought|revolutionary thought]] among the working class. The struggle for better [[Working Conditions|working conditions]], fair wages, and [[rights]] laid the foundation for the [[Labor Movement|labor movement]] and [[Socialism|socialist ideologies]] advocating for the overthrow of the capitalist system. | ||
=== Continued role in Marxist-Leninist thought === | === Continued role in Marxist-Leninist thought === |