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'''Islam''' is an Abrahamic and monotheistic religion based on the teachings of [[Muhammad]] and the writings contained in the Quran. It is the major religion of up to 49 countries in the northern part of the [[Africa|African continent]], [[ | '''Islam''' is an Abrahamic and monotheistic religion based on the teachings of [[Muhammad]] and the writings contained in the Quran. It is the major religion of up to 49 countries in the northern part of the [[Africa|African continent]], the [[Middle East]], [[South Asia]] and [[Southeast Asia]], with the majority of Muslims located in [[Asia]].<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=Pew Research Center|title=Muslim-Majority Countries|date=2011-01-27|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/01/27/future-of-the-global-muslim-population-muslim-majority/|retrieved=2022-11-24|quote=As of 2010, there are 49 countries in which Muslims comprise more than 50% of the population. A total of 1.2 billion Muslims live in these nations, representing 74% of the global Muslim population of 1.6 billion.}}</ref> It shares many features with [[Judaism]] and [[Christianity]] such as the prophets Abraham and Moses.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=Neil Faulkner|year=2013|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals|chapter=The End of Antiquity|page=58–59|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9781849648639|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref> There are about 1.8 million Muslims in the world.<ref>{{Web citation|date=2023-07-10|title=Burning the Quran and the Counter-Offensive: Why the West Is Panicking|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/burning-quran-counter-offensive-west-panicking/285240/|newspaper=[[MintPress News]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712173258/https://www.mintpressnews.com/burning-quran-counter-offensive-west-panicking/285240/|archive-date=2023-07-12|author=Ramzy Baroud}}</ref> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
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=== Umayyad Caliphate === | === Umayyad Caliphate === | ||
The Umayyads took power in 661 and held power for a century while developing strong literature, art, and [[agriculture]].<ref name=":022" /> They conquered Kabul in what is now [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] in 664. Their armies quickly crossed | The Umayyads took power in 661 and held power for a century while developing strong literature, art, and [[agriculture]].<ref name=":022" /> They conquered Kabul in what is now [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] in 664. Their armies quickly crossed North Africa and invaded Spain, which they fully controlled by 711.<ref name=":02" /> | ||
=== Abbasid Caliphate === | === Abbasid Caliphate === | ||
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=== Wahhabism === | === Wahhabism === | ||
Wahhabism is a reactionary form of Islam created by [[Muhammad ibn Abd-al Wahhab]] in the 18th century | Wahhabism is a reactionary form of Islam created by [[Muhammad ibn Abd-al Wahhab]] in the 18th century. It seeks to return to the conditions of the seventh century and is supported by the [[Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|Saudi monarchy]].<ref name=":1222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Mecca|page=261|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == |