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{{Infobox religion|name=Judaism|main_classification=Abrahamic|theology=monotheistic|scripture=Hebrew Bible (TaNaKh)|time of orgin=6th century BCE|area=[[Israel]], [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]], diaspora (primarily [[USA]])|language=Hebrew (liturgical)<br>Yiddish<br>Ladino|number_of_followers= | {{Infobox religion|name=Judaism|main_classification=Abrahamic|theology=monotheistic|scripture=Hebrew Bible (TaNaKh)|time of orgin=6th century BCE|area=[[Israel]], [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]], diaspora (primarily [[USA]])|language=Hebrew (liturgical)<br>Yiddish<br>Ladino|number_of_followers=14-15 million|icon=}} | ||
'''Judaism''' is an [[Abrahamic religions|Abrahamic]] and [[Monotheism|monotheistic]] religion dating back roughly 3,500 years; practiced by over 15 million people in primarily [[State of Israel|Israel]] and the [[United States of America|United States]]. Followers of the faith are called '''Jews''', although this term can also refer to atheists born to a Jewish family (secular Jews). Judaism has had large influences | '''Judaism''' is an [[Abrahamic religions|Abrahamic]] and [[Monotheism|monotheistic]] religion dating back roughly 3,500 years; practiced by over 15 million people in primarily [[State of Israel|Israel]] and the [[United States of America|United States]]. Followers of the faith are called '''Jews''', although this term can also refer to atheists born to a Jewish family (secular Jews). Judaism has had large influences<ref name=":0">{{Citation|author=Neil Faulkner|year=2013|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals|chapter=The End of Antiquity|page=48–51|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9781849648639|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref> on other Abrahamic religions such as [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]]. It developed in ancient Israel in the southern Levant, but following persecution from the [[Roman Empire (27 BCE–395 CE)|Roman Empire]] spread across [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], North [[Africa]] and even as far as [[China]]. | ||
The most important Jewish text is the TaNaKh (תנ"ך), the canonical collection of ancient books on law, mythology, history and other writings. Its name is an acronym for the three section of the TaNaKh: Torah (תוֹרה) , Nevi'im (נביאים) and Ketuvim (כתובים). Other important texts include the Talmud and Shulchan Aruch. Jews worship | The most important Jewish text is the TaNaKh (תנ"ך), the canonical collection of ancient books on law, mythology, history and other writings. Its name is an acronym for the three section of the TaNaKh: Torah (תוֹרה) , Nevi'im (נביאים) and Ketuvim (כתובים). Other important texts include the Talmud and Shulchan Aruch. Jews worship a god called Yahweh. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== | === Biblical period === | ||
=== Second Temple === | |||
[[Cyrus the Great|Cyrus]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BCE)|Achaemenid Empire]] allowed a group of Jewish exiles to travel to [[State of Palestine|Palestine]] and installed them as the local [[ruling class]]. Judaism split into aristocratic sects that collaborated with the Persian rulers and radical sects led by the [[peasantry]]. When the [[Seleucid Empire (312–63 BCE)|Seleucid Empire]] attempted to replace Yahweh with the [[Greece|Greek]] god Zeus, the Jews rose up and formed an independent state in the Maccabaean Revolt.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=Neil Faulkner|year=2013|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals|chapter=The End of Antiquity|page=54–55|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9781849648639|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref> | [[Cyrus the Great|Cyrus]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BCE)|Achaemenid Empire]] allowed a group of Jewish exiles to travel to [[State of Palestine|Palestine]] and installed them as the local [[ruling class]]. Judaism split into aristocratic sects that collaborated with the Persian rulers and radical sects led by the [[peasantry]]. When the [[Seleucid Empire (312–63 BCE)|Seleucid Empire]] attempted to replace Yahweh with the [[Greece|Greek]] god Zeus, the Jews rose up and formed an independent state in the Maccabaean Revolt.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=Neil Faulkner|year=2013|title=A Marxist History of the World: From Neanderthals to Neoliberals|chapter=The End of Antiquity|page=54–55|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedljwr5izotdclz23o3c5p4di4t3ero3ncbfytip55slhiz4otuls?filename=Neil%20Faulkner%20-%20A%20Marxist%20History%20of%20the%20World_%20From%20Neanderthals%20to%20Neoliberals-Pluto%20Press%20%282013%29.pdf|publisher=Pluto Press|isbn=9781849648639|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=91CA6C708BFE15444FE27899217FBA8E}}</ref> | ||
=== Roman period === | |||
The Jews revolted against the [[Roman Empire (27 BCE–395 CE)|Roman Empire]] in 66, 115, and 132 CE, and the Romans killed tens of thousands of them each time. The first revolt destroyed a revolutionary group inspired by [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]], | The Jews revolted against the [[Roman Empire (27 BCE–395 CE)|Roman Empire]] in 66, 115, and 132 CE, and the Romans killed tens of thousands of them each time. The first revolt destroyed a revolutionary group inspired by [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]], while his more conservative followers survived and later formed [[Christianity]]. After the last revolt, the Jews became almost entirely a diaspora group.<ref name=":02" /> | ||
=== Medieval === | === Medieval === | ||
=== Modern === | === Modern === | ||
==== Rise of Zionism ==== | ==== Rise of Zionism ==== | ||
[[Zionism]] was first proposed by European Christians starting in the 16th century. Some Jewish groups began to adopt Zionism in the late 19th century, and [[Theodor Herzl]] founded the [[World Zionist Organization]] in 1897 to advocate for the [[Settler colonialism|settlement]] of Palestine.<ref name=":03">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=Deconstructing and debunking Zionism|date=2019-11-20|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/deconstructing-and-debunking-zionism-4a3f60625d9a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621235056/https://linestruggle.medium.com/deconstructing-and-debunking-zionism-4a3f60625d9a|archive-date=2021-06-21|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> | [[Zionism]] was first proposed by European Christians starting in the 16th century. Some Jewish groups began to adopt Zionism in the late 19th century, and [[Theodor Herzl]] founded the [[World Zionist Organization]] in 1897 to advocate for the [[Settler colonialism|settlement]] of Palestine.<ref name=":03">{{News citation|newspaper=Line Struggle Collective|title=Deconstructing and debunking Zionism|date=2019-11-20|url=https://linestruggle.medium.com/deconstructing-and-debunking-zionism-4a3f60625d9a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621235056/https://linestruggle.medium.com/deconstructing-and-debunking-zionism-4a3f60625d9a|archive-date=2021-06-21|retrieved=2022-07-05}}</ref> | ||
==== Holocaust ==== | ==== Holocaust ==== | ||
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=== Observances === | === Observances === | ||
== Jewish identity == | == Jewish identity == | ||
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* [[Albert Einstein]] | * [[Albert Einstein]] | ||
* [[Lazar Kaganovich]] | * [[Lazar Kaganovich]] | ||
* [[Karl Marx]] | * [[Karl Marx]] | ||
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[[Category:Outline needs additional content]] | [[Category:Outline needs additional content]] | ||
[[Category:Pages needing references]] | [[Category:Pages needing references]] | ||