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| {{Infobox country|name=Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|native_name=ٱلْمَمْلَكَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة ٱلسُّعُوْدِيَّة|image_flag=Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Absolute [[monarchy]]|leader_title1=King|leader_title2=Crown Prince|leader_name1=[[Salman bin Abdulaziz]]|leader_name2=[[Mohammed bin Salman]]|population_census=32,175,224|population_census_year=2022|image_coat=Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg|capital=[[Riyadh]]|largest_city=[[Riyadh]]|image_map=Saudi Arabia map.png|map_width=290|official_languages=Arabic|religion=[[Islam]]|area_km2=2,149,690}}'''Saudi Arabia''', officially the '''Kingdom of Saudi Arabia''', is a [[United States of America|US]]-backed absolute monarchy in [[Western Asia]]. In its war against [[Republic of Yemen|Yemen]], it has killed or injured over 18,000 civilians.<ref>{{News citation|date=2020-03-25|title=Five Years of Data on Saudi-led Air War|url=https://us16.campaign-archive.com/?u=1912a1b11cab332fa977d3a6a&id=e0562bce18|newspaper=Yemen Data Project|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204223156/https://us16.campaign-archive.com/?u=1912a1b11cab332fa977d3a6a&id=e0562bce18|archive-date=2021-12-04|retrieved=2022-01-16}}</ref> | | {{Infobox country|name=Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|native_name=ٱلْمَمْلَكَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة ٱلسُّعُوْدِيَّة|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Absolute monarchy|leader_title1=King|leader_title2=Crown Prince|leader_name1=[[Salman bin Abdulaziz]]|leader_name2=[[Mohammed bin Salman]]|population_estimate=34,218,169|population_estimate_year=2019|capital=[[Riyadh]]|largest_city=[[Riyadh]]|image_map=Saudi Arabia map.png|map_width=290|official_languages=Arabic|area_km2=2,149,690}}'''Saudi Arabia''', officially the '''Kingdom of Saudi Arabia''', is a [[United States of America|US]]-backed absolute monarchy in [[Western Asia]]. In its war against [[Republic of Yemen|Yemen]], it has killed or injured over 18,000 civilians.<ref>{{News citation|date=2020-03-25|title=Five Years of Data on Saudi-led Air War|url=https://us16.campaign-archive.com/?u=1912a1b11cab332fa977d3a6a&id=e0562bce18|newspaper=Yemen Data Project|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204223156/https://us16.campaign-archive.com/?u=1912a1b11cab332fa977d3a6a&id=e0562bce18|archive-date=2021-12-04|retrieved=2022-01-16}}</ref> |
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| == History ==
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| === First Saudi State ===
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| The Saudi dynasty began in the 18th century because its founder made a pact with [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab]].<ref name=":1222" />
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| === Post-unification ===
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| In 1933, Saudi Arabia signed concessions to US and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] oil companies.<ref name=":1222" />
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| [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]] made an alliance with Saudi Arabia. After [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Nazi Germany]] surrendered in 1945, the USA continued building a military base in Dhahran.<ref name=":0222">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|chapter=Empire of Bases|page=260–1|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520972070|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05}}</ref>
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| Crown Prince [[Faisal Al Saud|Faisal]] attended the 1955 [[Bandung Conference]]. Despite his opposition to [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]], Egypt defended Saudi Arabia against a [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|British]] invasion from [[Oman]], and Saudi Arabia lent money to Egypt during the [[Suez Crisis]].<ref name=":1222" />
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| ==== Free Princes ====
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| [[Talal bin Abdulaziz]], the leader of the Free Princes and a follower of Nasser, proposed creating a National Council in 1958. Faisal and [[Saud of Saudi Arabia|Saud]] both rejected his proposed constitution. In 1961, Talal used secular public works to decrease [[unemployment]].
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| In 1962, Faisal took over from his brother Saud and rejected Talal's labor law, leading many of the Free Princes to flee to [[Lebanese Republic|Lebanon]]. Soon after, Faisal created the [[World Muslim League]].<ref name=":1222">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2008|title=The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World|chapter=Mecca|page=260–9|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceascnzh26r5d6uitjjs2z7rflhaxlt7rboz5whzdf76qg6xxvecqq?filename=%28A%20New%20Press%20People%27s%20history%29%20Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20The%20darker%20nations_%20a%20people%27s%20history%20of%20the%20third%20world-The%20New%20Press%20%282008%29.pdf|publisher=The New Press|isbn=9781595583420|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=9B40B96E830128A7FE0E0E887C06829F}}</ref>
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| === 1979 uprisings ===
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| In 1979, a group of devout Muslims sieged Masjid al-Haram, seeking to take back the mosque from corrupt princes. At the same time, Shia Muslims in eastern Saudi Arabia rebelled. The National Guard crushed both uprisings.<ref name=":1222" />
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| == Workers' movement ==
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| In 1953, the [[Proletariat|workers]] of [[Aramco]] tried to [[Strike action|strike]] to form a [[Trade union|union]]. They protested against King [[Saud of Saudi Arabia|Saud]] and demanded the end of U.S. occupation. The state killed officers from the Dhahran Air Base who mutinied in support of the workers.<ref name=":1222" />
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| == Women's rights == | | == Women's rights == |
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| <references /> | | <references /> |
| [[Category:Countries]] | | [[Category:Countries]] |
| [[Category:Asian countries]]
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