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{{Infobox military conflict|combatant1=[[File:Flag of the DPRK.svg|20px]] [[ | {{Infobox military conflict|combatant1=[[File:Flag of the DPRK.svg|20px]][[DPRK]]<br>[[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]][[PRC]]<br>'''Major support:'''<br>[[File:The Flag of the USSR.png|20px]][[USSR]]|conflict=Fatherland Liberation War|combatant2=[[File:South Korea flag.png|20px]][[Republic of Korea|ROK]]<br>[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]][[USA]]<br>[[File:Flag of the UN.png|20px]][[UN]]|place=[[Korea|Korean Peninsula]], Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea|date=25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953 ''(de-facto)''<br>25 June 1950 – present ''(de-jure)''|result=Military stalemate, inactive conflict (post-1953)|image=Korean war image.jpg|strength1='''Peak strength:'''<br>[[File:Flag of the DPRK.svg|20px]]266,600<br>[[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|20px]]1,450,000<br>[[File:The Flag of the USSR.png|20px]]26,000<br>'''Total:'' 1,742,000'''|strength2='''Peak strength:'''<br>[[File:South Korea flag.png|20px]]602,902<br>[[File:Flag of the United States.svg|20px]]326,863<br>[[File:Flag of the UN.png|20px]]42,569<br>'''Total:'' 972,334'''}} | ||
The '''Korean War''', also known as the '''Fatherland Liberation War''' (Korean: 조국해방전쟁) in the [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea]] (DPRK), the '''War to Resist American Imperialism and Aid Korea''' (Chinese: 抗美援朝战争; pinyin: ''Kàngměi Yuáncháo Zhànzhēng'') in the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) and the '''6.25 War''' (Korean: 6·25 전쟁) in [[Republic of Korea|South Korea]], was a highly devastating armed conflict which developed in [[Korea]] after the peninsula was divided between North and South at the end of the [[Second World War]] with the surrender of [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]], who had been occupying Korea since 1910. The war is conventionally considered to have occurred from 1950 to 1953, however, this time frame conforms to the [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] [[Imperialism|imperialist]] [[United States of America|U.S.]] perspective of the conflict and is challenged by [[Anti-imperialism|anti-imperialist]] narratives of the nature and timeline of the war. The main period of armed conflict ceased in 1953 with an armistice agreement, which the U.S. abrogated in 1958 by delivering nuclear weapons to South Korea.<ref>Lee Jae-Bong (2009-02-07). [https://apjjf.org/-Lee-Jae-Bong/3053/article.html "US Deployment of Nuclear Weapons in 1950s South Korea & North Korea's Nuclear Development: Toward Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula"] ''The Asia-Pacific Journal''. [https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://apjjf.org/-Lee-Jae-Bong/3053/article.html Archived] 2022-08-19.</ref> Although the armistice was signed in 1953, a peace agreement is still yet to be put in place, and the Korean peninsula remains divided. | The '''Korean War''', also known as the '''Fatherland Liberation War''' (Korean: 조국해방전쟁) in the [[Democratic People's Republic of Korea]] (DPRK), the '''War to Resist American Imperialism and Aid Korea''' (Chinese: 抗美援朝战争; pinyin: ''Kàngměi Yuáncháo Zhànzhēng'') in the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) and the '''6.25 War''' (Korean: 6·25 전쟁) in [[Republic of Korea|South Korea]], was a highly devastating armed conflict which developed in [[Korea]] after the peninsula was divided between North and South at the end of the [[Second World War]] with the surrender of [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japan]], who had been occupying Korea since 1910. The war is conventionally considered to have occurred from 1950 to 1953, however, this time frame conforms to the [[Bourgeoisie|bourgeois]] [[Imperialism|imperialist]] [[United States of America|U.S.]] perspective of the conflict and is challenged by [[Anti-imperialism|anti-imperialist]] narratives of the nature and timeline of the war. The main period of armed conflict ceased in 1953 with an armistice agreement, which the U.S. abrogated in 1958 by delivering nuclear weapons to South Korea.<ref>Lee Jae-Bong (2009-02-07). [https://apjjf.org/-Lee-Jae-Bong/3053/article.html "US Deployment of Nuclear Weapons in 1950s South Korea & North Korea's Nuclear Development: Toward Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula"] ''The Asia-Pacific Journal''. [https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://apjjf.org/-Lee-Jae-Bong/3053/article.html Archived] 2022-08-19.</ref> Although the armistice was signed in 1953, a peace agreement is still yet to be put in place, and the Korean peninsula remains divided. | ||
The division of Korea into North and South was originally intended to be only temporary, with the United States and [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] helping ease Korea's transition out of [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] rule. While the Soviet Union promptly withdrew its troops from the North in 1948, the imperialist United States took steps to ensure the entrenchment of the Southern regime, holding elections and declaring the formations of the Republic of Korea in 1948 despite widespread opposition among the Korean masses, which the U.S. and Southern forces, working jointly with far-right paramilitary gangs, repressed in mass arrests and killings, such as in the case of the [[Jeju Uprising]]. | The division of Korea into North and South was originally intended to be only temporary, with the United States and [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet Union]] helping ease Korea's transition out of [[Empire of Japan (1868–1947)|Japanese]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] rule. While the Soviet Union promptly withdrew its troops from the North in 1948, the imperialist United States took steps to ensure the entrenchment of the Southern regime, holding elections and declaring the formations of the Republic of Korea in 1948 despite widespread opposition among the Korean masses, which the U.S. and Southern forces, working jointly with far-right paramilitary gangs, repressed in mass arrests and killings, such as in the case of the [[Jeju Uprising]]. The North-South division of the Korean nation and the U.S. occupation of the South has persisted to the present day, South Korea being a "complete colony occupied by the U.S. military" in the words of the People's Democracy Party, a revolutionary workers' party in South Korea.<ref>People's Democracy Party and Liberation School. [https://www.liberationschool.org/korean-war-70-years/ “70 Years Too Long: The Struggle to End the Korean War – Liberation School.”] ''Liberation School – Revolutionary Marxism for a New Generation of Fighters'', 25 June 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://www.liberationschool.org/korean-war-70-years/ Archived].</ref> | ||
During the 1950-1953 conflict, the DPRK was supported by its sister socialist nations, the USSR and the People's Republic of China, and the Southern regime was backed by the United States and the U.S.-controlled [[United Nations]] Command (UNC). Although the United States led the UNC and provided the bulk of its troops and funding, the operation was referred to as "UN-led" and was called a "police action." The [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|USSR]] was absent during the decisions to form this joint security operation, as it was boycotting the United Nations due to the non-admission of PRC.<ref>[https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/presidential-inquiries/united-nations-korea "The United Nations in Korea."] Harry S. Truman Library. [https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/presidential-inquiries/united-nations-korea Archived] 2022-08-19.</ref> | During the 1950-1953 conflict, the DPRK was supported by its sister socialist nations, the USSR and the People's Republic of China, and the Southern regime was backed by the United States and the U.S.-controlled [[United Nations]] Command (UNC). Although the United States led the UNC and provided the bulk of its troops and funding, the operation was referred to as "UN-led" and was called a "police action." The [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics|USSR]] was absent during the decisions to form this joint security operation, as it was boycotting the United Nations due to the non-admission of PRC.<ref>[https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/presidential-inquiries/united-nations-korea "The United Nations in Korea."] Harry S. Truman Library. [https://web.archive.org/web/2/https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/presidential-inquiries/united-nations-korea Archived] 2022-08-19.</ref> | ||
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=== Entry of People's China === | === Entry of People's China === | ||
The US invaders continued north towards the Yalu River which separates Korea from China. On 25 October, [[Mao Zedong]] deployed 300,000 soldiers of the [[People's Volunteer Army]] to Korea. Chinese and Korean forces drove the US back past the 38th parallel and liberated Pyongyang on 5 December. MacArthur threatened to use 50 nuclear bombs against Korea, but Truman declined. | The US invaders continued north towards the Yalu River which separates Korea from China. On 25 October, [[Mao Zedong]] deployed 300,000 soldiers of the [[People's Volunteer Army]] to Korea. Chinese and Korean forces drove the US back past the 38th parallel and liberated Pyongyang on 5 December. MacArthur threatened to use 50 nuclear bombs against Korea, but Truman declined. Instead, the US bombed Korea with 635,000 tons of conventional bombs and 32,557 tons of napalm, more explosives than had been used in the entire Pacific theater of the [[Second World War]]. The US killed roughly three million Koreans or 10% of the total population. | ||
The US destroyed 600,000 houses, 8,700 factories, 5,000 schools, and 1,000 hospitals. By the end of the war, only two modern buildings were left in Pyongyang. Korean society moved underground, with farmers working at night and staying in bunkers during the day. By the fall of 1952, the US had destroyed all towns and cities in the DPRK, and they then bombed irrigation dams on the Yalu River, flooding thousands of acres of farmland.<ref name=":12" /> | The US destroyed 600,000 houses, 8,700 factories, 5,000 schools, and 1,000 hospitals. By the end of the war, only two modern buildings were left in Pyongyang. Korean society moved underground, with farmers working at night and staying in bunkers during the day. By the fall of 1952, the US had destroyed all towns and cities in the DPRK, and they then bombed irrigation dams on the Yalu River, flooding thousands of acres of farmland.<ref name=":12" /> | ||
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=== Continued U.S. occupation of south Korea === | === Continued U.S. occupation of south Korea === | ||
<blockquote>''See also: [[Republic of Korea]], [[United States imperialism]]''</blockquote>The armistice has never been replaced with a peace treaty and the two sides remain technically at war, with the U.S. occupying the south and retaining operational control over the south Korean military in wartime, and regularly engaging in provocative joint military exercises with south Korea aimed at "decapitating" DPRK's government,<ref>Flounders, Sara. [https://www.workers.org/2022/08/66398/ “Faced with U.S. ‘Decapitation Drill’/DPRK Korea Missile Launch Is Self-Defense.”] Workers World. August 26, 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221014032939/https://www.workers.org/2022/08/66398/ Archived] 2022-10-14.</ref> while enforcing strict [[economic sanctions]] against DPRK as a form of siege warfare. The U.S. also blocks inter-Korean reconciliation efforts initiated between north and south Korea. For example, in January 2020 when south Korean President [[Moon Jae-in|Moon Jae-In]] expressed interest in developing tourism to north Korea, the US ambassador Harry Harris blocked this effort, claiming that "independent" tourism plans would have to undergo U.S. consultation. The U.S. ambassador emphasized that the items inside South Korean tourists' luggage could violate sanctions.<ref>[https://nodutdol.org/sanctions-of-empire/ "제국의 제재 - Sanctions of Empire."] Nodutdol. October 20, 2020. [https://nodutdol.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Sanctions-of-Empire.pdf PDF]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220520095404/https://nodutdol.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Sanctions-of-Empire.pdf Archive].</ref> Through a combination of military, economic, and political means, the U.S. prevents north and south Korea from reconciling and continues to target and threaten | <blockquote>''See also: [[Republic of Korea]], [[United States imperialism]]''</blockquote>The armistice has never been replaced with a peace treaty and the two sides remain technically at war, with the U.S. occupying the south and retaining operational control over the south Korean military in wartime, and regularly engaging in provocative joint military exercises with south Korea aimed at "decapitating" DPRK's government,<ref>Flounders, Sara. [https://www.workers.org/2022/08/66398/ “Faced with U.S. ‘Decapitation Drill’/DPRK Korea Missile Launch Is Self-Defense.”] Workers World. August 26, 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221014032939/https://www.workers.org/2022/08/66398/ Archived] 2022-10-14.</ref> while enforcing strict [[economic sanctions]] against DPRK as a form of siege warfare. The U.S. also blocks inter-Korean reconciliation efforts initiated between north and south Korea. For example, in January 2020 when south Korean President [[Moon Jae-in|Moon Jae-In]] expressed interest in developing tourism to north Korea, the US ambassador Harry Harris blocked this effort, claiming that "independent" tourism plans would have to undergo U.S. consultation. The U.S. ambassador emphasized that the items inside South Korean tourists' luggage could violate sanctions.<ref>[https://nodutdol.org/sanctions-of-empire/ "제국의 제재 - Sanctions of Empire."] Nodutdol. October 20, 2020. [https://nodutdol.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Sanctions-of-Empire.pdf PDF]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220520095404/https://nodutdol.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Sanctions-of-Empire.pdf Archive].</ref> Through a combination of military, economic, and political means, the U.S. prevents north and south Korea from reconciling and continues to target and threaten DPRK. | ||
== International involvement/reactions == | == International involvement/reactions == | ||
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=== USSR === | === USSR === | ||
Although the Soviets did not enter the Korean War in a major way, it was Soviet-made weaponry and other Soviet industrial products helped supply the fighting troops.<ref name=":5" /> The Soviet Union provided MIG fighter planes to | Although the Soviets did not enter the Korean War in a major way, it was Soviet-made weaponry and other Soviet industrial products helped supply the fighting troops.<ref name=":5" /> The Soviet Union provided MIG fighter planes to depend the DPRK, which were flown by Chinese, Soviet, and Korean pilots. They were limited in number to avoid too much direct conflict with the United States, which could have caused a larger war.<ref>{{Citation|author=Xiaoming Zhang|year=2002|title=Red Wings over the Yalu: China, the Soviet Union, and the Air War in Korea|title-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N-0b-94OJPcC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Red+Wings+over+the+Yalu:+China,+the+Soviet+Union,+and+the+Air+War+in+Korea&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiVg8uE-c_3AhXuRjABHddnDa8Q6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=Red%20Wings%20over%20the%20Yalu%3A%20China%2C%20the%20Soviet%20Union%2C%20and%20the%20Air%20War%20in%20Korea&f=false|publisher=Texas A&M University Press}}</ref> | ||
=== People's Republic of China === | === People's Republic of China === | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Wars]] | |||
[[Category:Wars |