| Latest revision |
Your text |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| [[File:Xiaokang shehui.png|thumb|Propaganda poster for the moderately prosperous society. "Win the battle against poverty decisively, move towards a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way"]]
| | '''Moderately prosperous society ''' or '''Xiaokang society''' is a Chinese term, originally of Confucianism, used to describe a society composed of a functional middle-class. In December 1979, [[Deng Xiaoping]], then paramount leader of China, first proposed the idea of "xiaokang" based on the "[[Four Modernizations]]".<ref>{{Cite web|title=从"小康"到"全面小康"——邓小平小康社会理论形成和发展述论--邓小平纪念网--人民网|url=http://cpc.people.com.cn/n/2014/0714/c69113-25279758.html|website=cpc.people.com.cn|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Meet "moderately prosperous" China|url=https://worldin.economist.com/article/17353/edition2020meet-moderately-prosperous-china|website=worldin.economist.com|date=November 21, 2019|language=en|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=从"四个现代化"到"小康"构想与邓小平苏杭之行_中国网|url=http://www.china.com.cn/culture/txt/2008-09/28/content_16549900.htm|url-status=dead|access-date=2020-05-26|website=www.china.com.cn}}</ref> |
| A well-off society is an attractive social ideal described by ancient thinkers , and it also expresses ordinary people's pursuit of a well-off and prosperous ideal life. The so-called comprehensive well-off society is not only to solve the problem of food and clothing, but also to meet the needs of urban and rural development in political, economic, cultural, social, ecological and other aspects. In the report of the 16th National Congress of the [[Communist Party of China]], the requirements for the development capacity of building a well-off society in an all-round way are defined from the four aspects of economy, politics, culture and sustainable development. Specifically, there are six "mores": a more developed economy, a more sound democracy, a more advanced science and education, a more prosperous culture, a more harmonious society, and a better life for the people.
| |
|
| |
|
| After [[People's Republic of China|China]]'s reform and opening up in 1992, it officially transformed into a well-off society in an all-round way. Building a well-off society is one of the strategies of reform and opening up.
| | The term is best known in recent years through its use by [[Hu Jintao]], General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party between 2002 and 2012, when referring to economic policies intended to realize a more equal distribution of wealth. In the usages (''tifa'') of current General Secretary [[Xi Jinping]], the term "[[Chinese Dream]]" has gained somewhat greater prominence. During the annual National Party Congress meeting of 2015, Xi unveiled a set of political slogans called the [[Four Comprehensives]], which include "Comprehensively build a moderately prosperous society."<ref>"China's Xi Jinping unveils new 'four comprehensives' slogans" ([https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-31622571]) [[BBC]] 25 February 2015</ref> |
| | ==Origins== |
| | It has been loosely translated as a "basically well-off" society in which the people are able to live relatively comfortably, albeit ordinarily. The term was first used in ''Classic of Poetry'' written as early as 3,000 years ago. ''Xiaokang'' may be associated with an [[Engel's law|Engel's coefficient]] of 40-50 percent. |
| | ==Modern political discourse== |
| | Chinese leader [[Deng Xiaoping]] used the terms ''Xiaokang society'' in 1979 as the eventual goal of Chinese modernization. |
|
| |
|
| == Developmental Concepts ==
| | The vision of a ''xiaokang'' society is one in which most people are moderately well off and [[middle class]], and in which economic prosperity is sufficient to move most of the population in mainland China into comfortable means, but in which economic advancement is not the sole focus of society. Explicitly incorporated into the concept of a ''Xiaokang'' society is the idea that economic growth needs to be balanced with sometimes conflicting goals of social equality and environmental protection. |
| The word "Xiaokang" first came from "Poetry Daya Minilao": "The people are tired, but they can be well-off", which means "the life of the common people is too hard, and they should get a little bit of peace." It expresses people's longing for a better and stable life in the slave society. The word "xiaokang" originally meant a relatively stable life.
| |
|
| |
|
| On December 6, 1979, when [[Deng Xiaoping]] met with visiting Japanese Prime Minister Masahiro Ohira , he proposed that China's modernization should achieve a moderately prosperous state. He once said:<blockquote>"Quadruple the GDP per capita to reach 800 U.S. dollars, and establish a well-off society in China by the end of this century. This well-off society is called Chinese-style modernization..."<ref>Deng Xiaoping · "Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping" Volume II: People's Publishing House, 1994</ref> </blockquote>1984 On April 25, when Deng Xiaoping met with Japanese Prime Minister Yasuhiro Nakasone, he said:
| | The revival of the concept of a ''Xiaokang'' Society was in part a criticism of social trends in mainland China in the 1990s under [[Jiang Zemin]], in which many in China felt was focusing too much on the newly rich and not enough on mainland China's rural poor. Furthermore, there has been a fear in some circles that Chinese society has become too materialistic placing material wealth above all other social needs. |
|
| |
|
| "Quadrupling the GDP per capita to 800 US dollars means establishing a well-off society in China by the end of this century. This well-off society is called Chinese-style modernization. Quadruple, moderately prosperous society, Chinese-style modernization, these are our new concepts." <ref name=":0">[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/3455495/fee0a7YcJAdJDYggWskrMFFbBPmtMHnfF8yzl8m8lSrzppSJsZc9s5QlCumzc4qS7zwHr0UEgT_vf8BkO5BFUOoOGr3l4sdMw0ECK3NXsIrdtG6vutev People's Daily online - Xiaokang shehui]</ref>
| | In contrast to previous concepts such as the [[spiritual civilization]] and the campaigns against [[bourgeois liberalization]] in the 1980s, the concept of the ''Xiaokang'' society does not involve heroic self-sacrifice and does not place the material and the spiritual in opposition. The vision of a ''Xiaokang'' society sees the need for economic growth to provide prosperity, but it sees the need for this prosperity to be broadly distributed. |
|
| |
|
| "A well-off society" is an economic concept, and it is correct to implement a well-off society first. A moderately prosperous society fully integrates the governance method of the legalist Guanzi - "the warehouse is solid and the etiquette is known, and the food and clothing are sufficient to recognize the honor and disgrace", which is the premise and foundation for the construction of a moderately prosperous society. China's economic development has made the living standard of each subject relatively better and better; the degree of freedom, rights, and human rights of each subject will be improved more and more.
| | In addition, the concept of a ''Xiaokang'' society is the first time in which the [[Chinese Communist Party]] has used a [[classical Chinese]] concept to legitimize its vision for the future of China. Its recent use has been associated with [[Hu Jintao]] and [[Wen Jiabao]] as a goal for [[mainland China]] to reach by the year 2020. |
| | |
| In terms of governance philosophy, "well-off society" is not a continuation of Confucianism, but rather a manifestation of Legalism's governance philosophy. ", its measure and ultimate goal is unity and prosperity. The reason why a well-off society is said to be the inheritance of Legalism rather than Confucianism is because its fundamental value concept is consistent with Legalism: first realize the prosperity of economy and life. | |
| | |
| On April 30, 1987, when Deng Xiaoping met with Spanish guests, he clearly proposed the strategic concept of "three steps": <blockquote>"The first step is to double in the 1980s. Taking 1980 as the base, the per capita GNP was only 250 at that time. Double the US dollar to reach US$500 to solve the problem of food and clothing for the people; the second step is to double again by the end of the 20th century to reach US$1,000 per capita and enter a well-off society. The third step is to spend another 30 to 50 years in the next century It will be quadrupled in time, and it will roughly reach US$4,000 per capita, and basically achieve modernization and reach the level of a moderately developed country."<ref>"Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping", Volume 3, p. 226</ref></blockquote>This strategic conception of Comrade Deng Xiaoping, the thirteenth member of the Communist Party of China It was written into the report of the congress as an important guiding ideology for the modernization of the party and the country. According to Deng Xiaoping's exposition, a well-off society is a social development stage in which social productivity continues to develop, the per capita GNP is based on 800 US dollars and continues to increase, and it is constantly approaching a moderately developed country.
| |
| | |
| It is a social development stage that adheres to the socialist road and continuously realizes the essence of socialism requires a stage of social development in which people's living standards are generally improved; it is a stage of social development in which a country's overall national strength, especially its economic strength, has been significantly enhanced, and it has gradually entered the forefront of the world.
| |
| | |
| In this stage of social development, the domestic and foreign markets will continue to expand, and the state's macro-control will continue to improvel the economic system and other systems will continue to improve and finalize; investment in science and education will increase, and spiritual civilization will undergo major changes.
| |
| | |
| While the economy continues to develop in the coastal areas, the development problems in the interior will be solved; major changes will take place in the countryside, and the employment problem will be gradually solved; military equipment will be improved and updated, and the national defense will be significantly enhanced; the international status will be greatly improved and the country's influence will be greatly expanded.<ref name=":0" />
| |
| | |
| == Developmental Strategy ==
| |
| Comrade Deng Xiaoping not only described the blueprint for the development of a well-off society, but also conceived a cross-century development strategy for building a well-off society , that is, the famous " three-step " development strategy.
| |
| | |
| In 1997, Comrade [[Jiang Zemin]] put forward the new historical task of "building a well-off society" in the report of the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Entering the new century, my country has entered a new stage of development in building a well-off society in an all-round way and accelerating socialist modernization. The Sixteenth National Congress put forward the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way by 2020, and made specific strategic arrangements. Building a well-off society in an all-round way is a necessary development stage for my country to realize the third strategic goal of modernization, and it is also a critical stage for improving the socialist market economic system and expanding opening up.<ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/3455495/60383eZPasoztYX-ijai1GO-7hTOwrY2cv6IFNb_gAnVOL1uowPXQNbfu1cA-hqMq3tql3_G3m9HLAyspJ1UjMB__aIUUudY8S4Tmjv8klG6 The 17th National Congress of the People's Republic of China is a very important meeting at the critical stage of reform and development. The Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China]</ref> In 2017, Comrade Xi Jinping pointed out in the report of the Nineteenth National Congress that the two goals of solving the problem of food and clothing for the people and achieving a well-off level of people's life in general have been achieved ahead of schedule, and now is the decisive period for building a well-off society in an all-round way.<ref>[https://baike.baidu.com/reference/3455495/a980fZ7XRdeNa96gE5UsbN5olwoXicfYid9jP_3wTtCopYbjb4VLctcLqdjUh2-0iS6hG4Q0J0PrzUERcLqllJADpLP3txEKj5hDismNiwEgtwaCHhzEf3LHlhVxVXEBJee2 Xi Jinping: Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in an All-round Way and Winning the Great Victory of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era—Report at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China] - Xinhuanet </ref>
| |
| | |
| == Goal of the Xiaokang Society ==
| |
| In the report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Comrade Jiang Zemin proceeded from the basic national conditions of China, deeply analyzed the characteristics of the current moderately prosperous level in our country, expounded the long-term and arduous nature of consolidating and improving the moderately prosperous level, then put forward the comprehensive construction in the first 20 years of this century. The goal of a moderately prosperous society.
| |
| | |
| Entering into a well-off society is a development process that is divided into fields and regions, with a beginning and end. When entering the new century, we have just stepped into the gate of the historical stage of a well-off society, and we are in the initial stage of a well-off society. The well-off society we have achieved at this time is a low-level, incomplete, and unbalanced well-off society. The so-called low level means that although my country's economic aggregate has reached a certain scale, the per capita level is still relatively low. The so-called incompleteness means that in a well-off society, subsistence consumption is basically satisfied, while developmental consumption has not been effectively satisfied, social security is not perfect, and environmental quality needs to be improved. The so-called very unbalanced development means that there is a large gap in the level of development between regions and between urban and rural areas.
| |
| | |
| There are two tendencies that should be paid attention to on the issue of a well-off society:
| |
| | |
| If the people do not see that China is about to enter a well-off society, and the overall national strength has been greatly enhanced, it may be necessary to concentrate our efforts on some major events that will vigorously promote modernization, which is wrong. It is even more wrong to forget China's basic national conditions and think that the basic policies in the primary stage of socialism should not be implemented or can be quickly changed.
| |
| | |
| Comrade Jiang Zemin emphasized in his report to the Sixteenth National Congress that the contradiction between the people's growing material and cultural needs and the backward social production is still the main contradiction in our society. In the new century, we must continue to strive for the completion of the party's basic historical tasks in the primary stage of socialism.
| |
| | |
| [[Socialism with Chinese Characteristics|Socialism with Chinese characteristics]] has entered a new era, and the principal contradiction in Chinese society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people's ever-growing needs for a better life and unbalanced and inadequate development. It must be recognized that the changes in the principal contradictions in our society have not changed our judgment on the historical stage of socialism in our country, and the basic national conditions that our country is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain in the primary stage of socialism for a long time have not changed. my country is the largest developing country in the world. The international status has not changed. | |
| | |
| The whole party must firmly grasp the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism, firmly base itself on the greatest reality of the primary stage of socialism, firmly adhere to the party's basic line, which is the lifeline of the party and the country, and the happiness of the people, and lead and unite all ethnic groups in the country. The people, centering on Socialist construction, adhere to the Four Cardinal Principles, persist in reform and opening up, rely on self-reliance, work hard, and strive to build our country into a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful modern socialist country.<ref>[https://www.xinhuanet.com/english/special/2017-11/03/c_136725942.htm Xi Jinping's report at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of ChinaPeople's Daily Online] - People's Daily</ref>
| |
| | |
| == Achivements of the Xiaokang Society ==
| |
| A well-off society is a social development stage in which social productivity develops, per capita gross national product and people's living standards continue to improve, and the country's overall national strength, especially economic strength, will be significantly enhanced. Deng Xiaoping said that if our per capita GNP reaches 1,000 U.S. dollars when we enter a moderately prosperous society, and our population is already 1.25 billion to 1.25 billion, then our GNP will reach 10,000 to 1.2 trillion U.S. dollars. . That is to say, in the process of developing a well-off society, and in the process of developing the per capita GNP from 800 to 1,000 US dollars, the economic aggregate will step by step be at the forefront of the world.
| |
| | |
| A well-off society is a stage of social development that adheres to the socialist road , continuously realizes the essence of socialism , and generally improves people's living standards. Deng Xiaoping had an important thought, that is, "If we do not adhere to socialism, China will not be able to form a moderately prosperous society."
| |
| | |
| He said: "Our socialist system is based on public ownership and common prosperity. At that time we called it a well-off society, and it was a well-off society in which people's lives were generally improved."
| |
| | |
| What he meant was that in a well-off society, per capita national income In terms of life, we are not rich, but because we are a socialist country, the distribution of national income benefits all people, and there are no people who are too rich or too poor.
| |
| | |
| A well-off society is a process in which domestic and foreign markets continue to expand and the country's macro-control is constantly improving. Deng Xiaoping said: "In the past we had poor management, but now it is different. It is a macro-management towards a well-off society. We can no longer use the methods of the difficult times in the past."
| |
| | |
| A well-off society will continue to improve and finalize its economic system and other systems. The various guidelines and policies formulated since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee have promoted China to get rid of poverty, solve food and clothing, and move towards a moderately prosperous society. With the development of practice, those that should be perfected must be perfected, and those that should be repaired must be repaired, but in general they must be unswervingly persisted.
| |
| | |
| Deng Xiaoping imagined, "I am afraid that it will take another 30 years for us to form a more mature and more established system in all aspects. The guidelines and policies under this system will also be more finalized." What is said here "There are another thirty years," that is, around 2020.
| |
| | |
| At that time, China had already entered a moderately prosperous society for 20 years. In other words, a moderately prosperous society would be a process of gradually improving and finalizing the various systems of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
| |
| | |
| A well-off society is still a stage of development in which investment in science and education has increased considerably, and spiritual civilization has undergone major changes. It is also a stage in which development problems in the interior are prominently raised and resolved while continuing to develop coastal areas.
| |
| | |
| Calculated according to the "Basic Standards for the National People's Well-off Living Standards", by 1999, China had completed 94.6% of the journey for food and clothing. In 2001, my country's per capita GDP exceeded 900 U.S. dollars. The value will reach 1,000 US dollars, the GDP will break through the 10 trillion RMB mark, and my country will enter a new stage of building a well-off society.
| |
| | |
| It is understood that in the mid-1990s, the National Bureau of Statistics, together with the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture, jointly formulated the "Basic Standards for the National Well-off Living Standards of the People", "The Basic Standards for the National Rural Well-off Living Standards" and "The National Urban Well-off Living Standards".
| |
| | |
| Three sets of well-off standards. Since then, these standards have become the basic conditions for measuring the progress of the people across the country into a well-off society. Judging from the five aspects stipulated in the standard, as of 2021 China's current economic level and spiritual life have reached the standard of a well-off society, and the realization levels of material life, population quality and living environment are 94.6%, 88.4% and 91.5% respectively.
| |
| | |
| Specifically, the income of urban and rural residents is increasing day by day. In 2001, the annual per capita disposable income of urban residents in China was nearly 7,000 yuan, and the annual per capita net income of rural residents was also close to 2,500 yuan. In the first half of this year, farmers' cash income from non-agricultural industries grew steadily, reaching 566 yuan per capita, an increase of 28 yuan over the same period last year .
| |
| | |
| "Whether a well-off society is well-off or not, the key lies in housing." More than a decade ago, it was not uncommon for a family of three generations to live in one house. Today, the per capita residential floor space in urban areas exceeds 10 square meters, and in rural areas it reaches 25 square meters.
| |
| | |
| Since 1998, personal car purchases in China have accounted for more than 50% of sales. Among urban residents, there are more than 100 cars per 10,000 people; holiday travel is becoming a new consumption hotspot for Chinese people. In 2001, the number of domestic tourists in my country reached 780 million person-times. In the early 1990s, the number of Chinese citizens leaving the country was only 3 million. By 2001, the number had reached 12.13 million.
| |
| | |
| The communication industry is developing extremely fast. As of 2009, the number of fixed telephone users in China reached 365.44 million, and the number of mobile phone users exceeded 680 million, ranking first in the world. The number of Internet users in my country exceeds 300 million, ranking first in the world.
| |
| | |
| The level of education has been further improved. By the end of 1999, more than half of the country's counties and municipalities had basically achieved the goal of universalizing nine-year compulsory education. The national school-age children's enrollment rate reached 99.1%, and the primary and junior high school enrollment rates were 94.4% and 50% respectively. At the end of 1999, the adult literacy rate reached 87.6%, exceeding the standard value of a well-off society of 85%. By the end of 2000, the proportion of people with higher education in my country was 4.7%.
| |
| | |
| Cultural undertakings continue to develop. In 1999, China's cultural undertakings made further progress, with 2,899 cultural centers, 2,769 public libraries, and 1,371 museums. In 1999, the comprehensive population coverage rate of broadcasting reached 90.4%, and the comprehensive population coverage rate of TV reached 91.6%.
| |
| | |
| Health care conditions gradually improved. In 1999, there were 25.49 hospital beds per 10,000 people nationwide, and 2.55 health institutions per 10,000 people. The average life expectancy of nationals is close to the level of moderately developed countries. From the fourth national census in 1990 to the fifth national census in 2000, the average life expectancy of the population in China has increased by 2.85 years in ten years, which is 5 years higher than the world average and higher than that of the world.
| |
| | |
| Environmental ecological protection has improved. In 1999, the total number of national nature reserves expanded from 793 in 1995 to 1,146; the area of national nature reserves also increased from 71.72 million hectares in 1995 to 88.152 million hectares; the number of national ecological demonstration areas reached 151, and the national ecological demonstration areas The area is 33.309 million hectares. The good news is that in 1999, my country's forest coverage rate was 16.55%, exceeding the well-off standard of 15% for the first time.
| |
| | |
| Social security capabilities were further consolidated and improved. At the end of 2000, the number of employees participating in unemployment insurance nationwide was 104.08 million, and the average number of people receiving unemployment insurance benefits per month was 1.37 million; 103.67 million employees and 31.73 million retirees participated in basic endowment insurance; 43.32 million employees participated in basic medical insurance. By the end of 2000, a total of 3.818 million urban residents across the country had received subsistence allowances; 15 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government had established a subsistence allowance system for rural residents, and 3 million villagers had received subsistence allowances, with 730 million yuan in security payments.
| |
| | |
| == The Five in One Plan ==
| |
| The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward some policies with clearer policy orientation and more specific characteristics based on the actual and new stage characteristics of China’s economic and social development, and on the basis of the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way established at the 16th and 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Aiming at development problems and better meeting the new requirements of the people's will, to ensure that a well-off society will be built in an all-round way by 2020.
| |
| | |
| It is a well-off society in which the achievements of development and reform will truly benefit more than one billion people. It is a comprehensive economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological civilization. A developed moderately prosperous society is a moderately prosperous society that has laid a solid foundation for the realization of the grand goal of socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
| |
| | |
| According to the five-in-one overall layout of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the report enriches and improves the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way from the following five aspects:
| |
| | |
| ==== First, sustained and healthy economic development. ====
| |
| There are mainly six requirements:
| |
| | |
| First, major progress has been made in transforming the mode of economic development;
| |
| | |
| Second, on the basis of significantly enhanced development balance, coordination, and sustainability, two "doublings" have been achieved, namely, gross domestic product and urban-rural growth. The per capita income of residents will double that of 2010;
| |
| | |
| Third, by enhancing the new impetus for innovation-driven development, the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress to economic growth will increase significantly, and it will enter the ranks of innovative countries;
| |
| | |
| Fourth, by building a new system for modern industrial development, Promote the simultaneous development of industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization, so that industrialization will be basically realized, the level of informatization will be greatly improved, the quality of urbanization will be significantly improved, and agricultural modernization and the construction of a new socialist countryside will have achieved remarkable results;
| |
| | |
| Fifth, through continuing to implement regional The overall development strategy is to give full play to the comparative advantages of each region, and a coordinated regional development mechanism has basically been formed; sixth, by cultivating new advantages in the development of an open economy, the level of opening up to the outside world has been further improved, and international competitiveness has been significantly enhanced.
| |
| | |
| ==== Second, is that people's democracy continues to expand. ====
| |
| At present and in the future, to advance political reform and strengthen political construction, we must, under the leadership of the Party, develop a broader, more adequate, and more sound people's democracy, make the democratic system more complete, and the forms of democracy more abundant, and the people's Enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity will be further brought into play; more attention will be paid to the important role of the rule of law in national and social governance, the unity, dignity, and authority of the country's rule of law will be maintained, the basic strategy of ruling the country by law will be fully implemented, a law-based government will be basically established, and judicial credibility will continue to improve , human rights are effectively respected and guaranteed.
| |
| | |
| ==== Third, cultural soft power has been significantly enhanced. ====
| |
| There are mainly four requirements:
| |
| | |
| First, the socialist core value system is the soul of rejuvenating the country, which determines the direction of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and must be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people; '
| |
| | |
| Second, comprehensively improving the moral quality of citizens is the basic task of socialist moral construction, We must adhere to the combination of ruling the country by law and ruling the country by virtue, so that the civilized quality of citizens and the level of social civilization can be significantly improved;
| |
| | |
| Third, allowing the people to enjoy a healthy and rich spiritual and cultural life is an important part of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and cultural products must be enriched, the public cultural service system has been basically established, and the cultural industry has become a pillar industry of the national economy;
| |
| | |
| Fourth, culture has increasingly become an important element of international competitiveness. To continuously enhance the international influence of Chinese culture, it is necessary to make Chinese culture go out Take a bigger step.
| |
| | |
| ==== Fourth, people's living standards have been improved in an all-round way. ====
| |
| How do we achieve this?:
| |
| | |
| First, the overall realization of the equalization of basic public services, which is an important symbol of comprehensive and general improvement of people's living standards;
| |
| | |
| Second, the education level of the whole people and the level of innovative talent training have been significantly improved, and the country has become a country with strong talents and human resources. The basic realization of education modernization is the basis for realizing the all-round development of people;
| |
| | |
| Third; More full employment, which is a concrete manifestation of the guarantee of people's livelihood;
| |
| | |
| Fourth is the narrowing of the income distribution gap, the continuous expansion of the middle-income group, and poverty alleviation. This is an important manifestation of the fact that the results of development and reform have benefited all the people;
| |
| | |
| Fifth, social security covers all people, everyone enjoys basic medical and health services, and a housing security system has basically taken shape. It is an inevitable requirement to have medical treatment for the sick
| |
| | |
| Sixth. Social harmony and stability are the necessary prerequisites for the people to live and work in peace and contentment.
| |
| | |
| ==== Fifth, great progress has been made in building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. ====
| |
| Obvious results should be achieved in the following aspects: first, optimize the pattern of national land development, and basically form the layout of the main functional areas; second, promote resource conservation in an all-round way, and initially establish a resource recycling system; Value energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions have dropped significantly, and the total discharge of major pollutants has been significantly reduced; Fourth, major ecological restoration projects have been implemented to increase forest coverage, enhance the stability of ecosystems, and significantly improve the living environment.
| |
| | |
| While putting forward new requirements for the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the report also clarifies the goals of deepening reforms in various fields.
| |
| | |
| == An Overall Well-off Society ==
| |
| An overall well-off society is a low-standard well-off society, and the comprehensively well-off society is a relatively high-standard of a well-off society.
| |
| | |
| At the end of 2000, China's per capita GDP was only more than 800 US dollars, belonging to the level of middle and lower income countries. And by 2020, China's per capita GDP will exceed 6,000 US dollars, reaching the level of middle-income countries. A well-off level has a development process from low to high, and to be overall well-off can only be said to have just crossed the threshold of a well-off society.
| |
| | |
| An overall well-off society is a well-off society that emphasizes material consumption. To build a well-off society in an all-round way, in addition to focusing on the improvement of material life, special attention is also paid to people's spiritual life, democratic rights they enjoy, and the improvement of their living environment, so as to achieve overall social progress.
| |
| | |
| An overall well-off society is a well-off society with uneven development, and even a low-level well-off society has not yet been fully achieved nationwide. By the year 2000, there were still 30 million people in China who had not completely solved their food and clothing problems. There are also a number of people in cities and towns below the minimum living standard. There are still a considerable number of people who have not yet achieved a well-off life, although their food and clothing problems have been solved.
| |
| | |
| == A Comprehensively Well Off Society ==
| |
| Building a well-off society in an all-round way is the goal of the party and the country by 2020, and it is the fundamental interest of the people of all ethnic groups in the country. Through the joint efforts of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in the country, at the end of the 20th century, the people's life in China generally began to reach a moderately prosperous level, which is a new milestone in the development history of the Chinese nation.
| |
| | |
| Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have taken solid steps towards the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China complied with the new changes in domestic and foreign situations and the new expectations of the people of all ethnic groups to live a better life, grasped the trends and laws of economic and social development, and adhered to the principles of socialist economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, and sociali construction with Chinese characteristics.
| |
| | |
| The basic program composed of basic goals and basic policies puts forward new and higher requirements for China's development in five aspects on the basis of the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way established at the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that developing socialism with Chinese characteristics is a long-term and arduous historical task, and we must prepare for a great struggle with many new historical characteristics.
| |
| | |
| We must unswervingly adhere to and keep pace with the times to develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, and constantly enrich the practical, theoretical, national, and era characteristics of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
| |
| | |
| ==== The first is the goal in terms of economic construction and improvement of people's lives. ====
| |
| 1) Emphasizes the increase of the country's total economic output, and proposes that "Gross domestic product will quadruple by 2020 compared with 2000";
| |
| | |
| 2) Emphasizes the task of completing industrialization, Proposed that "industrialization should be basically achieved, and a complete socialist market economic system and a more dynamic and open economic system" should be established;
| |
| | |
| 3) The improvement of the level of urbanization was emphasized, and "the proportion of the urban population increased substantially, and the differences between workers and peasants, The trend of expanding urban-rural differences and regional differences is gradually reversed”;
| |
| | |
| 4) Emphasizing income, employment and social security systems related to people’s quality of life, it is proposed that “the social security system is relatively sound, social employment is relatively sufficient, family property generally increases, and people’s living standards a richer life".
| |
| | |
| ==== The second is the goal in the construction of political civilization ====
| |
| It is proposed that " socialist democracy will be more complete, the socialist legal system will be more complete, the basic strategy of ruling the country by law will be fully implemented, and the people's political, economic and cultural rights and interests will be respected and guaranteed. Grassroots democracy will be more complete." , the social order is good, and the people live and work in peace and contentment."
| |
| | |
| ==== The Third is the goal in the construction of spiritual civilization and the development of science, education and culture. ====
| |
| It is proposed that "the ideological and moral quality, scientific and cultural quality and health quality of the whole nation will be significantly improved, and a relatively complete modern national education system, technological and cultural innovation system, national fitness, medical and health system.
| |
| | |
| The people have the opportunity to receive a good education, basically popularize high school education, eliminate illiteracy. Form a learning society of universal learning and life-long learning, and promote the all-round development of people.” Strengthen the construction of the socialist core value system and comprehensively improve citizens Moral quality enriches the spiritual and cultural life of the people and enhances the overall cultural strength and competitiveness.
| |
| | |
| ==== The fourth is the goal of social construction, to build a socialist spiritual civilization. ====
| |
| The 18th National Congress pointed out that we must persist in promoting social harmony. Social harmony is the essential attribute of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is necessary to put the protection and improvement of people's livelihood in a more prominent position, strengthen and innovate social management, correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability, unite all forces that can be united, maximize the factors of harmony, enhance the creative vitality of society, and ensure that people live and work in peace and stability, and social stability Orderly, long-term peace and stability of the country.
| |
| | |
| ==== The fifth is the goal of ecological environment construction and sustainable development. ====
| |
| It is proposed that "sustainable development capabilities will be continuously enhanced, the ecological environment will be improved, the efficiency of resource utilization will be significantly improved, the harmony between man and nature will be promoted, and the whole society will be promoted to the development of production and life. A prosperous and ecologically sound civilization development path".
| |
| | |
| == Making up for Shortcomings ==
| |
| | |
| === Grasp the relationship between overall goals and individual goals. ===
| |
| Building a well-off society in an all-round way is the overall goal of the country. Realizing that the GDP and per capita income of urban and rural residents double the 2010 levels by 2020 does not mean that all regions, all cities and counties, and all people will have to double by then, let alone that This means that different regions and different groups of people will reach the national average at the same time. my country's development is unbalanced, and income gaps between urban and rural areas, regions, and groups of people are normal. A well-off society in an all-round way is not egalitarianism. In this regard, it is necessary to have a unified understanding of ideology and widely publicize it.
| |
| | |
| ==== Grasp the relationship between absolute standards and relative standards. ====
| |
| Some of the goal requirements for building a well-off society in an all-round way are absolute indicators, such as poverty alleviation, which refers to the realization of the poverty alleviation of the rural poor under the current standards, the removal of all poverty-stricken counties, and the resolution of overall regional poverty. The current standard refers to the living standard of each rural resident below 2,300 yuan per year (the constant price in 2010), which is consistent with the requirements of "two guarantees and three guarantees". At the same time, there are also many relative indicators, such as environmental improvement, which requires the proportion of inferior V water bodies to be less than 5%, and such indicators will continue to improve in the future.
| |
| | |
| ==== Grasp the relationship between quantitative analysis and qualitative judgment. ====
| |
| The timing of building a well-off society in an all-round way and completing the "13th Five-Year Plan" are the same. It can be said that the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way has been achieved when the main indicators and tasks of the "13th Five-Year Plan" are completed. To measure whether a well-off society has been built in an all-round way, we must not only look at quantitative indicators, but also fully consider the actual living conditions and sense of gain of the people.
| |
| | |
| On the basis of scientifically assessing the progress, we must carefully sort out the outstanding shortcomings and the hard tasks that must be completed in building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way.
| |
| | |
| === From the perspective of the population, ===
| |
| It is mainly the elderly, the weak, the sick, the disabled and the poor. Among the current poor rural population, 40.7% and 20.2% are impoverished due to illness and disability, respectively, and 18.5% are poor elderly people over the age of 65. Most of them do not have the ability and conditions for self-development. Comparing with the requirements of "Two No Worries and Three Guarantees", four problems are more prominent:
| |
| | |
| one is the problem of not being able to see doctors;
| |
| | |
| the other is the problem of children from poor families dropping out of school;
| |
| | |
| the third is the problem of some poor people still living in dilapidated houses;
| |
| | |
| There are more than 1 million poor people who have not solved the problem of drinking water safely
| |
| | |
| ==== From a regional perspective, ====
| |
| It is mainly the deeply impoverished areas. The CPC will pay attention to three situations:
| |
| | |
| First, the "three districts and three states" area, where the poor population is relatively concentrated, the natural conditions are extremely harsh, and the task of poverty alleviation is the heaviest, it is the "short board of short boards".
| |
| | |
| The second is the deeply impoverished counties in the central and western regions outside the "three districts and three prefectures". These areas are mostly old revolutionary base areas and border areas, with a large proportion of poor people and weak infrastructure and other conditions.
| |
| | |
| The third is that some areas that have been lifted out of poverty but have a high risk of returning to poverty are mostly areas with severely lagging development and very fragile ecology. The industrial base is generally weak, and the achievements of poverty alleviation may be lost again.<ref>[https://www.hudong.com/page/reference_snapshot?wiki_doc_id=566318296007819857&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2F2020-05%2F31%2Fc_1126056126.htm&collect_params=%7B%22search_query%22%3A%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%BA%B7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%22%2C%22search_id%22%3A%22%22%2C%22source%22%3A%22result_show%22%2C%22doc_title%22%3A%22%E5%B0%8F%E5%BA%B7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%22%2C%22doc_id%22%3A%22566318296007819857%22%2C%22view_id%22%3A%221yubo45eg5z400%22%2C%22first_classify%22%3A%22%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5%22%2C%22second_classify%22%3A%22%22%2C%22third_classify%22%3A%22%22%2C%22referer%22%3A%22%22%7D Xi Jinping: On the issue of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and making up for shortcomings] - Xinhua.net</ref>
| |
|
| |
|
| | ''Xiaokang'' is also a name for a semi-monthly magazine that is affiliated to the [[Qiushi]] Magazine, the party-run magazine in Beijing. Started in 2004, it mainly focuses on the political and economic development in China. Referring to itself as "Insight China", ''Xiaokang'' defines itself as a magazine that voices public opinions and discuss the current affairs regarding the Chinese Politics and social cultures. |
| | ==See also== |
| | *[[Buddhist economics]] |
| | *[[Harmonious Society]] |
| | *[[Real socialism]] |
| | *[[Sufficiency economy]] |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist}} | | {{Reflist}} |
| [[Category:Ideology of the Communist Party of China]] | | [[Category:Ideology of the Communist Party of China]] |
