Editing Mongolian People's Party

{{Infobox political party|name=Mongolian People's Party|native_name=Монгол Ардын Нам|logo=Logo of the Mongolian People's Party.svg|founded=25 June 1920|political_orientation=[[Social democracy]]<br>'''Formerly:'''<br>[[Marxism–Leninism]]}}

The '''Mongolian People's Party''' ('''MPP''') is a social-democratic party in [[Mongolia]]. Until 1990, it was a [[communist party]] known as the '''Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party''' ('''MPRP''').

== History ==

=== Formation ===
A joint meeting of [[Damdin Sükhbaatar]]'s revolutionary group and [[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]]'s Consul Group unified on 1920 June 25 to form the MPP. The initial party oath required each member to recruit at least 10 other members.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:279–80</sup>

Three days after the party was founded, Choibalsan and [[Soliin Danzan]] left to visit [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russia]]. A second group of Sükhbaatar, [[Dansrabilegiin Dogsom|Dogsom]], [[Darijavyn Losol|Losol]], [[Dogsomyn Bodoo|Bodoo]] and [[Dambyn Chagdarjav|Chagdarjav]] left soon after and met up with the first group on July 22 in Verkhneudinsk (now Ulaan-Üde) before going to Irkutsk. The party created a statement saying they would restore Mongolia's autonomy and abolish the rights of the [[Feudalism|feudal]] princes within two years while keeping the Bogd Khan as the nominal head of state. Some party members did not want to ally with the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Bolsheviks]], including Bodoo, who represented the feudal officials, and Danzan, who represented the small [[bourgeoisie]]. In August, Danzan, Losol, and Chagdarjav went to [[Moscow]] while Bodoo and Dogsom returned to Örgöö and Sükhbaatar and Choibalsan stayed in Irkutsk.<ref name=":03">{{Citation|author=A. A. Guber, et al.|year=1973|title=History of the Mongolian People's Republic|title-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheMPR/page/n116/mode/1up|chapter=The Mongolian People's Revolution and the Proclamation of the Mongolian People's Republic|page=278–81}}</ref><sup>:280–2</sup>

The group that arrived in Moscow met [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]], who said that Mongolia had to seek independence and ally with the [[Proletariat|workers]] and [[Peasantry|peasants]] of Russia. He criticized Danzan's [[Nationalism|nationalist]] views. In Mongolia, Bodoo began collaborating with [[Roman Ungern-Sternberg|Ungern]]'s feudal dictatorship.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:285–6</sup>

=== First Congress ===
Choibalsan prepared for the Congress in Örgöö after returning from northern Mongolia. On 1921 March 1, the MPRP held the congress in Hiagt with 26 delegates, mostly from the peasantry. Most of the delegates wanted to ally with [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russia]] and remain independent from the nobility, but a few sided with the nobility and believed Ungern had already restored Mongolia's autonomy from China. The party adopted a program calling for the formation of peasant assemblies (''[[Soviet (governmental body)|hural]]'') and the overthrow of the Russian [[White Army|Whites]] and the Chinese warlords. The Congress also combined all the partisan groups into the [[Mongolian People's Army|People's Revolutionary Army]], with Sükhbaatar as its commander-in-chief and Choibalsan as commissar. It also elected Danzan, Losol, and [[Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj|Dambadorj]] to the Central Committee.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:289–92</sup>

=== People's Revolution ===
{{Main article|Mongolian People's Revolution}}
On March 13, the Party held a meeting of workers and partisans and elected the Provisional People's Government, with Chagdarjav as president. The government also included Sükhbaatar (Minister of War), Choibalsan (Deputy Commander of Political Affairs), [[Bilegsaikhan]], Bodoo, [[Sumya]], and others.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:292–3</sup>

In November 1921, Lenin discouraged the newly founded MPP from changing its name to a communist party until the Mongolian [[proletariat]] embraced communism.<ref name=":02" />

=== Second Congress ===
On 1923 July 18, the party began its Second Congress and amended the program to make it more specific. It called for weakening the [[nobility]] and foreign [[capital]], democratizing the courts, and strengthening [[Worker cooperative|cooperatives]].<ref name=":03" /><sup>:315</sup>

=== Third Congress ===
On 1924 August 4, the party held its Third Congress and rejected Danzan's bourgeois faction.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:315</sup>

In 1924, the MPRP joined the [[Communist International (1919–1943)|Comintern]].<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=[[Vijay Prashad]]|year=2017|title=Red Star over the Third World|chapter=Enemy of Imperialism|page=80|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacecu7gb2ei65us6ip3r2ugcgkblneqcftbm456mb6bzvprkbqk55qm?filename=Vijay%20Prashad%20-%20Red%20Star%20Over%20the%20Third%20World-LeftWord%20Books%20%282018%29.pdf|city=New Delhi|publisher=LeftWord Books}}</ref>

=== Anti-rightist struggle ===
The Party rejected the rightist line at its Sixth Congress in 1927 September and October and purged the rightists Dambadorj, [[Navaandorjiin Jadambaa|Jadambaa]], and [[Jamsaranai Sebeen|Sebeen]], from its Central Committee at its Seventh Congress in late 1928. Dambadorj and Jadambaa had promoted [[Pan-Mongolism|pan-Mongol]] bourgeois nationalism while Sebeen had promoted [[Lamaism]] and opposed separation of church and state.<ref name=":032">{{Citation|author=A. A. Guber, et al.|year=1973|title=History of the Mongolian People's Republic|title-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheMPR/page/n160/mode/1up|chapter=The Mongolian People in the Fight for Development on Non-Capitalist Lines|page=}}</ref><sup>:325–7</sup>

=== Anti-leftist struggle ===
The Eighth Party Congress in 1930 adopted a plan for full [[collectivization]] of agriculture. They rapidly formed communes that were poorly organized and lacked labor discipline, leading the country to lose 32% of its 23.5 million livestock by 1932. Extreme anti-religious policies that targeted low-ranking [[clergy]] in addition to the nobility, leading to a Lamaist rebellion in western Mongolia that was defeated in 1932. The Central Committee held a meeting in 1932 and purged [[Zolbingiin Shijee|Shijee]], [[Ölziitiin Badrakh|Badrakh]], and other [[Ultra-leftism|ultra-leftists]]. This plenary meeting adopted the New Course, which called for very gradual collectivization and separating low-ranking lamas from the feudal clergy.<ref name=":032" /><sup>:330–3</sup>

=== Tenth Congress ===
The Tenth Party Congress in 1940 March celebrated the construction of [[socialism]] and emphasized the importance of stock-breeding to the economy. It called for the creation of a new constitution, which the Grand Hural approved in June.<ref name=":032" /><sup>:356–8</sup>

=== Post-Choibalsan era ===
In 1956<ref name=":0332">{{Citation|author=A. A. Guber, et al.|year=1973|title=History of the Mongolian People's Republic|title-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheMPR/page/n202/mode/1up|chapter=The Fight of the Mongolian People for the Victory of Socialism|page=}}</ref><sup>:411</sup> and 1962, the Central Committee of the MPRP criticized an alleged [[cult of personality]] around Khorloogiin Choibalsan.<ref name=":032" /><sup>:348</sup>

== Demographics ==
In 1947, 4.7% of party members were proletarians, 54.1% were herders, and 41.2% were [[Intelligentsia|intellectuals]]. By 1954, the number of proletarians had almost doubled, and the number of herders and intellectuals increased by 15.5% and 5% respectively.<ref name=":032" /><sup>:402</sup>

The percentage of proletarians increased from 14.9% in 1954 to 26.2% in 1961.<ref name=":033">{{Citation|author=A. A. Guber, et al.|year=1973|title=History of the Mongolian People's Republic|title-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheMPR/page/n202/mode/1up|chapter=The Fight of the Mongolian People for the Victory of Socialism|page=}}</ref><sup>:417–8</sup>

== References ==
[[Category:Social democratic parties]]