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==== First Five-Year Plan (1948–1952) ==== | ==== First Five-Year Plan (1948–1952) ==== | ||
Mongolia lost six million livestock during the war. It began its first five-year plan in 1948 to recover from the war. In 1949, the Central Committee criticized bourgeois nationalist views of history and literature that glorified [[Genghis Khan|Chinggis Khan]]. In 1950, the Grand People's Hural introduced a tax on animal breeding but exempted excess animals from above the plan quota from taxation. Peasants had to pay amounts of meat, wool, fat, and milk based on the plan quotas. Worker competition increased to involve 90% of workers by 1952, and many workers exceeded their quotas by six or more times in the mining, building, and transportation industries.<ref name=":032" /><sup>:388–93 | Mongolia lost six million livestock during the war. It began its first five-year plan in 1948 to recover from the war. In 1949, the Central Committee criticized bourgeois nationalist views of history and literature that glorified [[Genghis Khan|Chinggis Khan]]. In 1950, the Grand People's Hural introduced a tax on animal breeding but exempted excess animals from above the plan quota from taxation. Peasants had to pay amounts of meat, wool, fat, and milk based on the plan quotas. Worker competition increased to involve 90% of workers by 1952, and many workers exceeded their quotas by six or more times in the mining, building, and transportation industries.<ref name=":032" /><sup>:388–93</sup> | ||
During the First Five-Year Plan, the number of horse-powered haymaking units increased by five times, and livestock shelters increased by 3.5 times. The number of livestock increased by 8.7% but did not reach the quota of 31 million. The area of land cultivated by state farms exceeded the target by 51.1%, and grain production exceeded its target by 12.5%. Industrial output in 1951 was 51% higher than in 1947 and 150% higher than in 1940. Wages for industrial workers grew by 22% during the plan and labor productivity by 28.8%. Butter production doubled, and industrial food production grew by 17.1%. The total proletarian population reached 70,000, or 14% of the country's able-bodied population, in 1952.<ref name=":032" /><sup>:394–401</sup> | During the First Five-Year Plan, the number of horse-powered haymaking units increased by five times, and livestock shelters increased by 3.5 times. The number of livestock increased by 8.7% but did not reach the quota of 31 million. The area of land cultivated by state farms exceeded the target by 51.1%, and grain production exceeded its target by 12.5%. Industrial output in 1951 was 51% higher than in 1947 and 150% higher than in 1940. Wages for industrial workers grew by 22% during the plan and labor productivity by 28.8%. Butter production doubled, and industrial food production grew by 17.1%. The total proletarian population reached 70,000, or 14% of the country's able-bodied population, in 1952.<ref name=":032" /><sup>:394–401</sup> | ||
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==== Second Five-Year Plan (1953–1957) ==== | ==== Second Five-Year Plan (1953–1957) ==== | ||
In 1954, [[Jamsrangiin Sambuu]] was elected Chairman of the Presidium, and [[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]] became head of government. In 1955, Mongolia reorganized state farms under production teams. The MPRP held a congress of peasant production associations and began awarding herders who grew the size of their herds by 15% or more within two years. Industrial output increased by 69%, well above the planned growth rate of 7.8% per year. A 700-km railroad from Ulaanbaatar to Zamyn-Üüd opened in 1955. In 1957, the USSR gave free oil wells and refineries to the MPR and free access to telephone lines between [[Moscow]], Ulaanbaatar, and [[Beijing]].<ref name=":033" /><sup>:409–16</sup> | In 1954, [[Jamsrangiin Sambuu]] was elected Chairman of the Presidium, and [[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]] became head of government. In 1955, Mongolia reorganized state farms under production teams. The MPRP held a congress of peasant production associations and began awarding herders who grew the size of their herds by 15% or more within two years. Industrial output increased by 69%, well above the planned growth rate of 7.8% per year. A 700-km railroad from Ulaanbaatar to Zamyn-Üüd opened in 1955. In 1957, the USSR gave free oil wells and refineries to the MPR and free access to telephone lines between [[Moscow]], Ulaanbaatar, and [[Beijing]].<ref name=":033" /><sup>:409–16</sup> | ||
==== Three-Year Plan (1958–1960) ==== | ==== Three-Year Plan (1958–1960) ==== | ||
Between 1958 and 1960, Mongolia began growing grain in 300,000 hectares of previously uncultivated land with the help of hundreds of specialists and 2,500 tractors from the USSR. Industrial output grew by 63.8%, reaching 7.4 times the 1940 level in 1960. By 1960, all ''sums'' (counties) were had direct telephone connections to provincial (''aimag'') centers. By 1960, proletarian families made up 36.1% of the country's population | Between 1958 and 1960, Mongolia began growing grain in 300,000 hectares of previously uncultivated land with the help of hundreds of specialists and 2,500 tractors from the USSR. Industrial output grew by 63.8%, reaching 7.4 times the 1940 level in 1960. By 1960, all ''sums'' (counties) were had direct telephone connections to provincial (''aimag'') centers. By 1960, proletarian families made up 36.1% of the country's population.<ref name=":033" /><sup>:412–7</sup> | ||
In 1960, the Grand People's Hural unanimously adopted a new constitution. The members of the Grand Hural were 35.2% collective farmers, 23.3% proletarians, and 41.5% [[Intelligentsia|intellectuals]].<ref name=":033" /><sup>:434–5</sup> | In 1960, the Grand People's Hural unanimously adopted a new constitution. The members of the Grand Hural were 35.2% collective farmers, 23.3% proletarians, and 41.5% [[Intelligentsia|intellectuals]].<ref name=":033" /><sup>:434–5</sup> | ||
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* ''[[Library:History of the Mongolian People's Republic|History of the Mongolian People's Republic]]'': Part Two | * ''[[Library:History of the Mongolian People's Republic|History of the Mongolian People's Republic]]'': Part Two | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Former socialist states]] | [[Category:Former socialist states]] |