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On 1920 November 22, [[Damdin Sükhbaatar]] and [[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]] returned to [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)|Mongolia]] from Irkutsk and began planning an uprising from Hiagt against the Mongolian [[Feudalism|feudal]] [[nobility]] led by [[Roman Ungern-Sternberg|Baron Ungern]] and the [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)|Bogd Khan]]. They began publishing the newspaper ''Mongolian Truth'' (''Mongolyn Ünen''), which denounced the [[Imperialism|imperialists]] and nobility, and distributed other pamphlets in Mongolia. Sükhbaatar organized 50 border troops in northern Mongolia, and [[B. Puntsag]] became the commander of the first revolutionary regiment which was composed of peasants and soldiers. They chose Altan, a town on the Orkhon and Selenge rivers, as their partisan base, and defeated multiple groups of [[Republic of China|Chinese]] warlords in Maimachen (now Altanbulag).<ref name=":03">{{Citation|author=A. A. Guber, et al.|year=1973|title=History of the Mongolian People's Republic|title-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheMPR/page/n116/mode/1up|chapter=The Mongolian People's Revolution and the Proclamation of the Mongolian People's Republic|page=}}</ref><sup>:286–9</sup> | On 1920 November 22, [[Damdin Sükhbaatar]] and [[Khorloogiin Choibalsan]] returned to [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)|Mongolia]] from Irkutsk and began planning an uprising from Hiagt against the Mongolian [[Feudalism|feudal]] [[nobility]] led by [[Roman Ungern-Sternberg|Baron Ungern]] and the [[Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)|Bogd Khan]]. They began publishing the newspaper ''Mongolian Truth'' (''Mongolyn Ünen''), which denounced the [[Imperialism|imperialists]] and nobility, and distributed other pamphlets in Mongolia. Sükhbaatar organized 50 border troops in northern Mongolia, and [[B. Puntsag]] became the commander of the first revolutionary regiment which was composed of peasants and soldiers. They chose Altan, a town on the Orkhon and Selenge rivers, as their partisan base, and defeated multiple groups of [[Republic of China|Chinese]] warlords in Maimachen (now Altanbulag).<ref name=":03">{{Citation|author=A. A. Guber, et al.|year=1973|title=History of the Mongolian People's Republic|title-url=https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheMPR/page/n116/mode/1up|chapter=The Mongolian People's Revolution and the Proclamation of the Mongolian People's Republic|page=}}</ref><sup>:286–9</sup> | ||
Choibalsan returned to | Choibalsan returned to Ördöö from northern Mongolia and prepared for the First [[Mongolian People's Party|Party]] Congress. On 1921 March 1, the MPRP held the congress in Hiagt with 26 delegates, mostly from the peasantry. Most of the delegates wanted to ally with [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Russia]] and remain independent from the nobility, but a few sided with the nobility and believed Ungern had already restored Mongolia's autonomy from China. The Congress also combined all the partisan groups into the [[Mongolian People's Army|People's Revolutionary Army]], with Sükhbaatar as its commander-in-chief and Choibalsan as commissar. The party adopted a program calling for the formation of peasant assemblies (''[[Soviet (governmental body)|hural]]'') and the overthrow of the Russian [[White Army|Whites]] and the Chinese warlords.<ref name=":03" /><sup>:289–91</sup> | ||
== Hiagt uprising == | == Hiagt uprising == |