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'''Neoliberalism''' is a term used to describe the [[state]] stepping in on the behalf of [[Capitalism|private interests]]. This includes deregulation, privatisation, the opening of markets both at home & abroad, austerity, the trampling of [[Labour movement|workers' movements]], attacks on previous concessions to the working class(welfare and social programs), and the like. Anti-immigration policies are also not uncommon.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Jon Swaine|newspaper=The Telegraph|title=Margaret Thatcher complained about Asian immigration to Britain|date=2009-12-30|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525084645/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/margaret-thatcher/6906503/Margaret-Thatcher-complained-about-Asian-immigration-to-Britain.html|archive-url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/margaret-thatcher/6906503/Margaret-Thatcher-complained-about-Asian-immigration-to-Britain.html|archive-date=2010-05-25|retrieved=2011-01-20}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|author=Stevis-Gridneff, Matina; Kerr, Sarah; Bracken, Kassie; Kirac, Nimet|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Greece Says It Doesn't Ditch Migrants at Sea. It Was Caught in the Act|date=2023-05-19|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/19/world/europe/greece-migrants-abandoned.html|retrieved=2023-05-19}}</ref> | |||
Neoliberalism, due to the fact that it completely serves class interests and due to its injust character, is always imposed with a [[Fascism|fascist]]-like way, so as to prevent opposition. Examples are [[Republic of Chile|Chile]] under [[Augusto Pinochet]] (a military dictatorship), the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|UK]] under [[Margaret Thatcher]] and [[Hellenic Republic|Greece]] under [[Kyriakos Mitsotakis]].<ref>{{Citation|author=V-Dem Institue|year=2022|title=Democracy Report 2023|title-url=https://www.v-dem.net/documents/30/V-dem_democracyreport2023_highres.pdf|page=17}}</ref> | |||
Neoliberalism has been linked to lower well-being, social disconnection, and loneliness.<ref>{{Citation|author=Julia C. Becker, Lea Hartwich, S. Alexander Haslam|year=2021|title=Neoliberalism can reduce well-being by promoting a sense of social disconnection, competition, and loneliness|title-url=https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjso.12438|publisher=The British Psychological Society}}</ref> | |||
While [[imperialism]] ([[Library:Imperialism, the highest stage of capitalism|the highest stage of capitalism]]) remains the primary contraction in the world, neoliberalism has significant influence on the policies of modern capitalist states. | |||
== History == | == History == | ||
Neoliberalism as a term entered into common use in the 1980s in connection with | Neoliberalism as a term entered into common use in the 1980s in connection with US-backed dictator Augusto Pinochet's economic reforms in Chile, following the CIA coup against the predecessor socialist government of [[Salvador Allende]]. | ||
Neoliberalism as described by it's characteristics first began to appear around the 1970s as a major economic crisis struck the | Neoliberalism as described by it's characteristics first began to appear around the 1970s as a major economic crisis struck the social-democracies of post-war Europe. <ref>{{Citation|author=John O’Connor|title=Marxism and the Three Movements of Neoliberalism|title-url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0896920510371389|chapter=Post-War Capitalism and its Demise|quote=A major economic crisis struck the advanced capitalist world from 1974 to 1982 | ||
(Kolko 1988; Mandel 1980). Over two generalized recessions (1974–5 and 1980–82), the | (Kolko 1988; Mandel 1980). Over two generalized recessions (1974–5 and 1980–82), the | ||
capitalist system suffered an accumulation crisis that was qualitatively and quantitatively | capitalist system suffered an accumulation crisis that was qualitatively and quantitatively | ||
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and skyrocketing inflation (Armstrong et al. 1991; Bowles et al. 1983).}}</ref> | and skyrocketing inflation (Armstrong et al. 1991; Bowles et al. 1983).}}</ref> | ||
During her tenure as Conservative Prime Minister, | During her tenure as Conservative Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher oversaw a number of neoliberal reforms, including tax reduction, exchange rate reform, deregulation, and privatization. Thatcher privatized the coal mining industry, resulting in the loss of 20,000 jobs,undercut trade unions with an array of laws that made it harder for workers to strike, restricted where they could picket, and limited the ability to strike in solidarity with others and started the earliest waves of outsourcing on the NHS <ref>{{Web citation|author=Andrew Kersley|newspaper=Tribune Magazine|title=No, Thatcher Didn’t Save the Economy|date=2020-12-07|url=https://tribunemag.co.uk/2020/12/no-thatcher-didnt-save-the-economy}}</ref><ref>{{Web citation|author=Danny Shaw|newspaper=Liberation School|title=Margaret Thatcher: imperialism personified|date=2013-04-10|url=https://www.liberationschool.org/margaret-thatcher-imperialism-personified/}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||