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| {{Infobox country|name=People's Republic of Bulgaria|native_name=<span lang="bg" dir="ltr">Народна Република България</span>|image_flag=People's Republic of Bulgaria flag.png|image_coat=Socialist Bulgaria coat of arms (1971–1990).png|flag_caption=Flag (1971–1990)|national_anthem=Шуми Марица (1946-1947)<br>Републико наша, здравей! (1947-1951)<br>Българийо мила, земя на герои (1951-1964)<br>Мила Родино (1964-''present'')|capital=[[Sofia]]|largest_city=[[Sofia]]|official_languages=Bulgarian|title_leader=General Secretary|year_leader1=1946-1949|leader1=[[Georgi Dimitrov]]|year_leader2=1949-1954|leader2=[[Vulko Cherenkov]]|year_leader3=1954-1989|leader3=[[Todor Zhivkov]]|year_leader4=1989-1990|leader4=[[Petar Mladenov]]|year_leader5=1990|leader5=[[Aleksandar Lilov]]|title_representative=Head of State|year_representative1=1946-1947 (first)|representative1=[[Vasil Kolarov]]|year_representative2=1990 (last)|representative2=[[Zhelyu Zhelev]]|title_deputy=Head of Government|year_deputy1=1946-1949 (first)|deputy1=[[Georgi Dimitrov]]|year_deputy2=1990 (last)|deputy2=[[Andrey Lukanov]]|mode_of_production=[[Socialism]]|government_type=Unitary [[Marxist-Leninist]] [[Socialist state|people's republic]]|legislature=[[National Assembly of the People's Republic of Bulgaria|National Assembly]]|established_event1=People's republic established|era=[[Cold War]]|established_date1=15 September 1946|established_event2=[[Library:1947 Constitution of Bulgaria|Dimitrov Constitution]]|established_date2=6 December 1947|established_event3=[[Library:1971 Constitution of Bulgaria|Zhivkov Constitution]]|established_date3=18 May 1971|established_event4=''De facto'' disestablished|established_date4=15 November 1990|established_event5=''De jure'' disestablished|established_date5=12 July 1991|area_km2=110,994|population_estimate=8,987,000|population_estimate_year=1989|HDI_year=1990 report|HDI=0.918<ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/219/hdr_1990_en_complete_nostats.pdf Human Development Report 1990, p. 111]</ref>|currency=Bulgarian lev|currency_code=BGL|drives_on=right|calling_code=+359|iso3166code=BG}} | | {{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=People's Republic of Bulgaria|native_name=<span lang="bg" dir="ltr">Народна Република България</span>|image_flag=People's Republic of Bulgaria flag.png|capital=[[Sofia]]|largest_city=[[Sofia]]|official_languages=Bulgarian|mode_of_production=[[Socialism]]|area_km2=110,994|population_estimate=8,987,000|population_estimate_year=1989}} |
| The '''People's Republic of Bulgaria''' ('''PRB'''; Bulgarian: Народна Република България ('''НРБ''')'', Narodna Republika Bŭlgariya,'' '''NRB''') was a [[socialist state]] in south-eastern [[Europe]], in the Balkan peninsula, that existed from 1946 to 1990. Its citizens had [[Universal healthcare|free healthcare]] and a retirement of age of 55 for women and 60 for men.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=[[Michael Parenti]]|year=2000|title=To Kill a Nation|chapter=Yugoslavia's Future: Is It Bulgaria?|page=192–193|pdf=https://leftychan.net/edu/src/1614706295182-3.pdf|publisher=Verso}}</ref>
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| ==History==
| | The '''People's Republic of Bulgaria''' was a [[socialist state]] in southeastern [[Europe]] that existed from 1946 to 1989. |
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| ===Counter-revolution===
| | ==Agriculture== |
| In 1990, Bulgaria held its first multi-party elections since the [[Second World War]]. The [[Union of Democratic Forces]] coalition received $2 million from the [[National Endowment for Democracy|NED]] to influence the election. Despite Western interference, the [[Bulgarian Socialist Party]] won 47% of the vote compared to 36% for the UDF. Hundreds of observers from Western Europe acknowledged that the election was fair.
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| On 6 July, President [[Petar Mladenov]] resigned due to a week of protests and a hunger strike outside parliament. Interior minister [[Atanas Smerdijev]] also resigned and parliament elected UDF leader [[Zhelyu Zelev]] as president. Counterrevolutionaries burned down and looted the headquarters of the Socialist Party.
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| On 23 November, the UDF stormed out of parliament after failing to remove Prime Minister [[Andrey Lukanov]] in a no-confidence motion. The UDF narrowly won the next election, but its cabinet and vice president resigned. In July 1993, protesters prevented the president from entering office for a month.<ref>{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2004|title=[[Killing Hope]]|chapter=Bulgaria, 1990; Albania, 1991: Teaching communists what democracy is all about|chapter-url=https://williamblum.org/chapters/killing-hope/bulgaria-albania|publisher=Common Courage Press|isbn=9781567512526}}</ref>
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| == Economy ==
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| === Agriculture ===
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| From fall 1948 to spring 1949, 1,000 agricultural cooperatives were formed in Bulgaria, encompassing 13.3% of households in the country. By March 1949, the country's 1,600 cooperatives took up 5,400 km<sup>2</sup> of land.<ref>{{News citation|author=Organ of the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties|title=Development of Agricultural Co-operatives in Bulgaria|date=1949-11-18|url=http://www.directdemocracy4u.uk/people-s-democracy/development-of-agricultural-co-operatives-in-bulgaria|retrieved=2022-04-17}}</ref> | | From fall 1948 to spring 1949, 1,000 agricultural cooperatives were formed in Bulgaria, encompassing 13.3% of households in the country. By March 1949, the country's 1,600 cooperatives took up 5,400 km<sup>2</sup> of land.<ref>{{News citation|author=Organ of the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties|title=Development of Agricultural Co-operatives in Bulgaria|date=1949-11-18|url=http://www.directdemocracy4u.uk/people-s-democracy/development-of-agricultural-co-operatives-in-bulgaria|retrieved=2022-04-17}}</ref> |
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| == Living standards ==
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| === Education ===
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| Children between ages 9–13 participated in the [[Dimitrovist Pioneer Organization "Septemberists"|Pioneers]] and youth aged 14–18 participated in the Komsomol.
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| All universities in Bulgaria were publicly owned under socialism. They were difficult to get into but had free tuition and guaranteed jobs after graduation.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|author=F.S.|newspaper=[[Political Affairs]]|title=An experiment in living socialism: Bulgaria then and now|date=2013-10-02|url=http://politicalaffairs.net/an-experiment-in-living-socialism-bulgaria-then-and-now/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618093545/http://politicalaffairs.net/an-experiment-in-living-socialism-bulgaria-then-and-now/|archive-date=2022-06-18|retrieved=2022-06-27}}</ref>
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| === Health care ===
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| Bulgaria had one of the best medical systems in [[Eastern Europe]] and high-quality medications were available for low prices. Women had three years of partially paid maternity leave.<ref name=":0" />
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| === Public transportation ===
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| Socialist Bulgaria had an excellent public transportation system. Bus tickets only cost four cents, 1/18 of what they now cost in Bulgaria.<ref name=":0" />
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| <references />
| | [[Category:Former socialist republics]] |
| [[Category:Former socialist states]] | |