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{{Infobox country|name=People's Republic of Bulgaria|native_name=<span lang="bg" dir="ltr">Народна Република България</span>|image_flag=People's Republic of Bulgaria flag.png|image_coat=Socialist Bulgaria coat of arms (1971–1990).png|flag_caption=Flag (1971–1990 | {{Infobox country|name=People's Republic of Bulgaria|native_name=<span lang="bg" dir="ltr">Народна Република България</span>|image_flag=People's Republic of Bulgaria flag.png|image_coat=Socialist Bulgaria coat of arms (1971–1990).png|flag_caption=Flag (1971–1990)|capital=[[Sofia]]|largest_city=[[Sofia]]|official_languages=Bulgarian|mode_of_production=[[Socialism]]|government_type=[[Socialist state|Marxist-Leninist people's republic]]|area_km2=110,994|population_estimate=8,987,000|population_estimate_year=1989}} | ||
The '''People's Republic of Bulgaria''' was a [[socialist state]] in southeastern [[Europe]] that existed from 1946 to 1990. | |||
=== | == History == | ||
In 1990, Bulgaria held its first | |||
=== Counterrevolution === | |||
In 1990, Bulgaria held its first multiparty elections since the [[Second World War]]. The [[Union of Democratic Forces]] coalition received $2 million from the [[National Endowment for Democracy|NED]] to influence the election. Despite Western interference, the [[Bulgarian Socialist Party]] won 47% of the vote compared to 36% for the UDF. Hundreds of observers from Western Europe acknowledged that the election was fair. | |||
On 6 July, President [[Petar Mladenov]] resigned due to a week of protests and a hunger strike outside parliament. Interior minister [[Atanas Smerdijev]] also resigned and parliament elected UDF leader [[Zhelyu Zelev]] as president. Counterrevolutionaries burned down and looted the headquarters of the Socialist Party. | On 6 July, President [[Petar Mladenov]] resigned due to a week of protests and a hunger strike outside parliament. Interior minister [[Atanas Smerdijev]] also resigned and parliament elected UDF leader [[Zhelyu Zelev]] as president. Counterrevolutionaries burned down and looted the headquarters of the Socialist Party. | ||
On 23 November, the UDF stormed out of parliament after failing to remove Prime Minister [[Andrey Lukanov]] in a no-confidence motion. The UDF narrowly won the next election, but its cabinet and vice president resigned. In July 1993, protesters prevented the president from entering office for | On 23 November, the UDF stormed out of parliament after failing to remove Prime Minister [[Andrey Lukanov]] in a no-confidence motion. The UDF narrowly won the next election, but its cabinet and vice president resigned. In July 1993, protesters prevented the president from entering office for amonth.<ref>{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2004|title=[[Killing Hope]]|chapter=Bulgaria, 1990; Albania, 1991: Teaching communists what democracy is all about|chapter-url=https://williamblum.org/chapters/killing-hope/bulgaria-albania|publisher=Common Courage Press|isbn=9781567512526}}</ref> | ||
==Agriculture== | |||
From fall 1948 to spring 1949, 1,000 agricultural cooperatives were formed in Bulgaria, encompassing 13.3% of households in the country. By March 1949, the country's 1,600 cooperatives took up 5,400 km<sup>2</sup> of land.<ref>{{News citation|author=Organ of the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties|title=Development of Agricultural Co-operatives in Bulgaria|date=1949-11-18|url=http://www.directdemocracy4u.uk/people-s-democracy/development-of-agricultural-co-operatives-in-bulgaria|retrieved=2022-04-17}}</ref> | From fall 1948 to spring 1949, 1,000 agricultural cooperatives were formed in Bulgaria, encompassing 13.3% of households in the country. By March 1949, the country's 1,600 cooperatives took up 5,400 km<sup>2</sup> of land.<ref>{{News citation|author=Organ of the Information Bureau of the Communist and Workers’ Parties|title=Development of Agricultural Co-operatives in Bulgaria|date=1949-11-18|url=http://www.directdemocracy4u.uk/people-s-democracy/development-of-agricultural-co-operatives-in-bulgaria|retrieved=2022-04-17}}</ref> | ||
== Education == | |||
Children between ages 9–13 participated in the [[Dimitrovist Pioneer Organization "Septemberists"|Pioneers]] and youth aged 14–18 participated in the Komsomol. | Children between ages 9–13 participated in the [[Dimitrovist Pioneer Organization "Septemberists"|Pioneers]] and youth aged 14–18 participated in the Komsomol. | ||
All universities in Bulgaria were publicly owned under socialism. They were difficult to get into but had free tuition and guaranteed jobs after graduation.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|author=F.S.|newspaper=[[Political Affairs]]|title=An experiment in living socialism: Bulgaria then and now|date=2013-10-02|url=http://politicalaffairs.net/an-experiment-in-living-socialism-bulgaria-then-and-now/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618093545/http://politicalaffairs.net/an-experiment-in-living-socialism-bulgaria-then-and-now/|archive-date=2022-06-18|retrieved=2022-06-27}}</ref> | All universities in Bulgaria were publicly owned under socialism. They were difficult to get into but had free tuition and guaranteed jobs after graduation.<ref name=":0">{{News citation|author=F.S.|newspaper=[[Political Affairs]]|title=An experiment in living socialism: Bulgaria then and now|date=2013-10-02|url=http://politicalaffairs.net/an-experiment-in-living-socialism-bulgaria-then-and-now/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618093545/http://politicalaffairs.net/an-experiment-in-living-socialism-bulgaria-then-and-now/|archive-date=2022-06-18|retrieved=2022-06-27}}</ref> | ||
== Health care == | |||
Bulgaria had one of the best medical systems in [[Eastern Europe]] and high-quality medications were available for low prices. Women had three years of partially paid maternity leave.<ref name=":0" /> | Bulgaria had one of the best medical systems in [[Eastern Europe]] and high-quality medications were available for low prices. Women had three years of partially paid maternity leave.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
== Public transportation == | |||
Socialist Bulgaria had an excellent public transportation system. Bus tickets only cost four cents, 1/18 of what they now cost in Bulgaria.<ref name=":0" /> | Socialist Bulgaria had an excellent public transportation system. Bus tickets only cost four cents, 1/18 of what they now cost in Bulgaria.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
[[Category:Former socialist republics]] | |||
[[Category:Former socialist | |||