Editing Populism

'''Populism''' is a political ideology that emphasizes the needs and concerns of ordinary people, often in opposition to the perceived [[elitism]] of the political and economic elite. Populist movements have emerged in various forms throughout history, and have been associated with both [[left-wing]] and [[right-wing]] politics. Populism appeals to sections of the [[Proletariat|working class]], with left-wing populism seeking economic benefits for them while right-wing populism solely relies on [[Chauvinism|chauvinist]] and often [[Fascism|fascist]] beliefs.<ref>{{Web citation|author=[[Prabhat Patnaik]]|newspaper=[[Peoples Democracy]]|title=The Abuse of the Concept of “Populism”|date=2023-01-22|url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2023/0122_pd/abuse-concept-%E2%80%9Cpopulism%E2%80%9D|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120164539/https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2023/0122_pd/abuse-concept-%E2%80%9Cpopulism%E2%80%9D|archive-date=2023-01-20|retrieved=2023-01-22}}</ref>

Populism can be understood as a response to the [[alienation]] and [[exploitation]] experienced by working class and [[marginalized people]] under [[capitalism]]. The focus on the needs of the "common people" often highlights the ways in which capitalist economies and political systems prioritize the interests of the [[ruling class]] over those of the working class.<ref>Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. International Publishers.</ref>

Populist movements on the left, such as those associated with [[socialism]] and [[communism]], have historically sought to empower working class people through [[collective ownership]] and control of resources and [[means of production]].<ref>Marx, K. (1848). Communist Manifesto.</ref> Populist movements on the right, however, have often used rhetoric about the "common people" to promote [[xenophobic]], [[racist]], and [[authoritarian]] ideologies that ultimately serve to maintain the existing power structures.<ref>Boggs, C. (2000). The Two Revolutions: Gramsci and the Dilemmas of Western Marxism. South End Press.</ref>

In recent years, populist movements have gained momentum in many countries around the world, as increasing economic inequality and dissatisfaction with traditional political establishments have led to a growing sense of [[alienation]] among [[working class]] and marginalized people.<ref>Streeck, W. (2017). How Will Capitalism End? Essays on a Failing System. Verso Books.</ref> These movements have taken on various forms, from [[left-wing]] movements such as [[Syriza]] in [[Greece]] and [[Podemos]] in [[Spain]], to [[right-wing]] movements such as the [[Five Star Movement]] in [[Italy]] and the [[Alternative for Germany]] party.

However, while populist movements may tap into real grievances and frustrations experienced by working-class and marginalized people, they often fail to propose concrete solutions that would address the underlying issues of capitalist exploitation and oppression.<ref>Laclau, E. (2005). Populism: What's in a Name? In E. Laclau (Ed.), On Populist Reason (pp. 1-14). Verso Books.</ref> In some cases, they may even be co-opted by the very [[elite]] they claim to oppose, resulting in policies that ultimately serve to reinforce rather than challenge existing power structures.
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 Populism can be understood as a response to the [[alienation]] and [[exploitation]] experienced by working class and [[marginalized people]] under [[capitalism]]. The focus on the needs of the "common people" often highlights the ways in which capitalist economies and political systems prioritize the interests of the [[ruling class]] over those of the working class.<ref>Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. International Publishers.</ref>
-Populist movements on the left, such as those associated with [[socialism]] and [[communism]], have historically sought to empower working class people through [[collective ownership]] and control of resources and [[means of production]].<ref>Marx, K. (1848). Communist Manifesto.</ref> Populist movements on the right, however, have often used rhetoric about the "common people" to promote [[Xenophobia|xenophobic]], [[racist]], and [[reactionary]] ideologies that ultimately serve to maintain the existing power structures.<ref>Boggs, C. (2000). The Two Revolutions: Gramsci and the Dilemmas of Western Marxism. South End Press.</ref>
+Populist movements on the left, such as those associated with [[socialism]] and [[communism]], have historically sought to empower working class people through [[collective ownership]] and control of resources and [[means of production]].<ref>Marx, K. (1848). Communist Manifesto.</ref> Populist movements on the right, however, have often used rhetoric about the "common people" to promote [[xenophobic]], [[racist]], and [[authoritarian]] ideologies that ultimately serve to maintain the existing power structures.<ref>Boggs, C. (2000). The Two Revolutions: Gramsci and the Dilemmas of Western Marxism. South End Press.</ref>
-In recent years, populist movements have gained momentum in many countries around the world, as increasing economic inequality and dissatisfaction with traditional political establishments have led to a growing sense of [[alienation]] among working class and marginalized people.<ref>Streeck, W. (2017). How Will Capitalism End? Essays on a Failing System. Verso Books.</ref> These movements have taken on various forms, from [[left-wing]] movements such as [[Syriza]] in [[Greece]] and [[Podemos]] in [[Spain]], to [[right-wing]] movements such as the [[Five Star Movement]] in [[Italy]] and the [[Alternative for Germany]] party.
+In recent years, populist movements have gained momentum in many countries around the world, as increasing economic inequality and dissatisfaction with traditional political establishments have led to a growing sense of [[alienation]] among [[working class]] and marginalized people.<ref>Streeck, W. (2017). How Will Capitalism End? Essays on a Failing System. Verso Books.</ref> These movements have taken on various forms, from [[left-wing]] movements such as [[Syriza]] in [[Greece]] and [[Podemos]] in [[Spain]], to [[right-wing]] movements such as the [[Five Star Movement]] in [[Italy]] and the [[Alternative for Germany]] party.
-However, while populist movements may tap into real grievances and frustrations experienced by working-class and marginalized people, they often fail to propose concrete solutions that would address the underlying issues of capitalist exploitation and oppression.<ref>Laclau, E. (2005). Populism: What's in a Name? In E. Laclau (Ed.), On Populist Reason (pp. 1-14). Verso Books.</ref> In some cases, they may even be co-opted by the very [[Ruling class|elite]] they claim to oppose, resulting in policies that ultimately serve to reinforce rather than challenge existing power structures.
+However, while populist movements may tap into real grievances and frustrations experienced by working-class and marginalized people, they often fail to propose concrete solutions that would address the underlying issues of capitalist exploitation and oppression.<ref>Laclau, E. (2005). Populism: What's in a Name? In E. Laclau (Ed.), On Populist Reason (pp. 1-14). Verso Books.</ref> In some cases, they may even be co-opted by the very [[elite]] they claim to oppose, resulting in policies that ultimately serve to reinforce rather than challenge existing power structures.
-== References ==
-<references />
-[[Category:Political ideology]]