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| {{Infobox country|name=Principality of Monaco|native_name=Principauté de Monaco<br>Prinçipatu de Mùnegu|image_flag=Flag of Monaco.svg|image_coat=Great coat of arms of the house of Grimaldi.svg|capital=Monaco|government_type=Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy|leader_title1=Monarch|leader_name1=[[Albert II]]|leader_title2=Minister of State|leader_name2=[[Pierre Dartout]]|image_map=Location Monaco Europe.png|map_width=320px|area_km2=2.08|population_estimate=39,050|population_estimate_year=2022}} | | {{Infobox country|name=Principality of Monaco|native_name=Principauté de Monaco<br>Prinçipatu de Mùnegu|image_flag=Flag of Monaco.svg|image_coat=Great coat of arms of the house of Grimaldi.svg|capital=Monaco|government_type=Unitary parliamentary semi-constitutional monarchy|leader_title1=Monarch|leader_name1=[[Albert II]]|leader_title2=Minister of State|leader_name2=[[Pierre Dartout]]|image_map=Location Monaco Europe.png|map_width=320px|area_km2=2.08|population_estimate=39,050|population_estimate_year=2022}} |
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| '''Monaco''', officially the '''Principality of Monaco''', is a microstate in [[Europe]] surrounded almost entirely by [[French Republic|France]] apart from its southern coast on the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. The [[Imperialism|imperialist]] tax haven is most well known for its casinos and money laundering. | | '''Monaco''', officially the '''Principality of Monaco''', is a microstate in [[Europe]] surrounded by [[French Republic|France]] apart from its southern coast on the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. |
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| == History == | | == History == |
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| === Early History ===
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| During antiquity there were [[Phoenician]], and later, [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] colonies which included the territory. From the first century <small>B.C.</small> Monaco fell under [[Roman Empire (27 BCE–395 CE)|Roman]] rule and later it was seized by various groups such as the [[Arab|Arabs]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire (800–1806)|Holy Roman Empire]]. In the late 12th century it came under the control of the [[Republic of Genoa]], who built a fortress on the site in 1215.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|year=1979|title=The Great Soviet Encyclopedia|title-url=https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Monaco|chapter=Monaco}}</ref>
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| === Principality ===
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| In 1419 the Genoese [[Grimaldi]] family finished establishing its power in Monaco and turned Monaco into an independent principality under the protection of Genoa. Over the next few centuries Monaco would rely on larger neighbouring states for its protection, switching from one ally to the next when it suited it. Although formally retaining autonomy between 1524 to 1641, Monaco was under the dominion of the [[Monarchy of Spain (1516–1700)|Spanish]] before rebelling against them and switching to [[Kingdom of France (987–1792)|France]] instead for its protector.<ref name=":0" />
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| Following the [[French Revolution]], Monaco's [[Monarchism|monarchical]] regime was overthrown by the French and Monaco was annexed into the [[French Republic (1792–1804)|French Republic]] in 1793. The Treaty of Paris of 1814 restored the Principality of Monaco under the control of the Grimaldi dynasty and in 1815 the [[Congress of Vienna]] made Monaco a protectorate of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]]. Over time the Sardinian protectorate shifted into a French one and in 1861, Prince [[Charles III Grimaldi|Charles III]] sold France the rights to the cities of Menton and Roquebrune with a tariff union being established soon after in 1865.<ref name=":0" />
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| Economic growth continued to occur in the principality, particularly in the tourism industry, with a string of casinos being established, most notably the Monte Carlo Casino. In 1911 the people forced the adoption of Monaco's first constitution which limited the absolute power of the monarchy. Several more changes were made to the constitution and Monaco's agreements with France in the following decades allowing the French to secure many advantages for its citizens in the microstate.<ref name=":0" />
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| === 21st Century === | | === 21st Century === |
| During the 21st century Monaco became notable as a centre of money laundering, with the state having been warned several times by international watchdogs in the last few decades along with threats to add Monaco to a 'grey list'. Income tax evasion is not criminalised in Monaco and the state does little to change its status as a financial hub for criminals/ the international [[bourgeoisie]], despite its claims, since it would hinder its ability to carry out imperialism and function as a tax haven.<ref>{{Web citation|author=Théo Bourgery-Gonse|newspaper=Euractiv|title=Monaco’s anti-money laundering system inadequate, risks name-and-shame|date=2023-01-23|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/monacos-anti-money-laundering-system-inadequate-risks-name-and-shame/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504021244/https://www.euractiv.com/section/economy-jobs/news/monacos-anti-money-laundering-system-inadequate-risks-name-and-shame/|archive-date=2023-05-04}}</ref>
| | In 1995, Monaco established ties with [[People's Republic of China|China]], and in March 2019 President [[Xi Jinping]] visited the country making it the first Chinese leader to visit the country. Following the meeting collaboration between the countries increased with [[Monaco Telecom]] already having started working with Chinese company [[Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.|Huawei]] in 2012. In 2019 with assistance from Huawei, Monaco became the first country to have a 5G network over the entirety of its territory.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=CGTN|title=China, Monaco set example for developing and developed countries|date=2019-03-24|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d414d3267544e33457a6333566d54/index.html}}</ref> |
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| In 1995, Monaco established ties with [[People's Republic of China|China]], and in March 2019 President [[Xi Jinping]] visited the country making him the first Chinese leader to visit the country. Following the meeting, collaboration between the countries increased with [[Monaco Telecom]] already having started working with Chinese company [[Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.|Huawei]] in 2012. In 2019, with assistance from Huawei, Monaco became the first country to have a 5G network over the entirety of its territory.<ref>{{Web citation|newspaper=CGTN|title=China, Monaco set example for developing and developed countries|date=2019-03-24|url=https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d414d3267544e33457a6333566d54/index.html}}</ref> | |
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| == References == | | == References == |
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| [[Category:Countries]] | | [[Category:Countries]] |
| [[Category:European countries]] | | [[Category:European countries]] |
| [[Category:Imperialist countries]]
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| [[Category:Global north]]
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