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'''Productive forces''', '''productive powers''', or '''forces of production''' (German: ''Produktivkräfte'') is a central idea in [[Marxism]] and [[historical materialism]]. | '''Productive forces''', '''productive powers''', or '''forces of production''' (German: ''Produktivkräfte'') is a central idea in [[Marxism]] and [[historical materialism]]. | ||
In [[Marx|Karl Marx]] and [[Engels|Friedrich Engels]]' own critique of political economy, it refers to the combination of the | In [[Marx|Karl Marx]] and [[Engels|Friedrich Engels]]' own critique of political economy, it refers to the combination of the means of labor (tools, machinery, land, infrastructure, and so on) with human labour power. | ||
Together with the social and technical [[relations of production]], the productive forces constitute a historically specific [[mode of production]]. | Together with the social and technical [[relations of production]], the productive forces constitute a historically specific [[mode of production]]. | ||
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# Instruments of production (buildings, machines) | # Instruments of production (buildings, machines) | ||
# Subjects of production (raw materials, labor) | # Subjects of production (raw materials, labor) | ||
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