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| {{Infobox country|name=Republic of Belarus|native_name=Рэспубліка Беларусь|image_flag=Flag of Belarus.png|government_type=Unitary presidential republic under a [[dictatorship of the bourgeoisie]]|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=[[Aleksandr Lukashenko]]|leader_title2=Prime Minister|leader_name2=[[Roman Golovchenko]]|area_km2=207,600|population_estimate=9,255,524|population_estimate_year=2022|image_coat=Coat of arms of Belarus.svg|capital=Minsk|largest_city=Minsk|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|currency=Belarusian rouble|currency_code=BYN|image_map=Belarus map.png|map_width=310|official_languages=Belarusian<br>Russian}} | | {{Infobox country|conventional_long_name=Republic of Belarus|native_name=Рэспубліка Беларусь|leader_title1=President|leader_name1=Aleksandr Lukashenko|leader_title2=Prime Minister|leader_name2=Roman Golovchenko|area_km2=207,600|population_estimate=9,349,600|population_estimate_year=2021|capital=Minsk|largest_city=Minsk|currency=Belarusian rouble|currency_code=BYN|official_languages=Belarusian and Russian}} |
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| '''Belarus''', officially the '''Republic of Belarus''', is a landlocked country in [[Eastern Europe]] bordered by [[Russian Federation|Russia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Republic of Poland|Poland]], [[Republic of Lithuania|Lithuania]] and [[Republic of Latvia|Latvia]]. In the aftermath of the [[October Revolution|Russian Revolution in 1917]], different states arose competing for legitimacy, ultimately ending in the rise of the [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1991)|Byelorussian SSR]], which became a founding constituent republic of the [[Soviet Union]] in 1922. | | '''Belarus''', officially the '''Republic of Belarus''', is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. |
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| After the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], Belarus declared independence and sought to maintain its state-owned economy under president [[Alexander Lukashenko]]. Belarus is relentlessly harassed by the [[Imperialism|imperialist]] [[Imperial core|West]] for refusal to privatize its state assets and embrace the [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal]] world order.<ref>{{News citation|journalist=[[Alan Macleod]]|date=2021-10-12|title=US Writes Belarus into Its Familiar Regime-Change Script|url=https://www.mintpressnews.com/us-writes-belarus-familiar-regime-change-script/278700/|newspaper=[[MintPress News]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=}}</ref>
| | In the aftermath of the [[October Revolution|Russian Revolution in 1917]], different states arose competing for legitimacy, ultimately ending in the rise of the [[USSR#Byelorussian SSR|Byelorussian SSR]], which became a founding constituent republic of the [[Soviet Union]] in 1922. |
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| == History ==
| | After the [[dissolution of the Soviet Union]], Belarus declared independence and sought to maintain its socialist system under president [[Alexander Lukashenko]]. |
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| === Kievan Rus' === | | == Important Events == |
| {{Main article|Kievan Rus' (880–1240)}}
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| === Lithuanian rule === | | === 2020 Election & Colour Revolution Attempt === |
| [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1236–1795)|Lithuania]] controlled what is now Belarus from the 13th to 18th centuries, and it was part of the [[Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1569–1795)|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] after 1569.<ref name=":02" />
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| === Russian Rule ===
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| In 1795, [[Russian Empire (1721–1917)|Tsarist Russia]] conquered Belarus during the partition of Poland but Polish [[Landlord|landlords]] and merchants continued to dominate the area.<ref name=":02">{{Citation|author=Albert Szymanski|year=1984|title=Human Rights in the Soviet Union|chapter=The European Nationalities in the USSR|page=85|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzaceazdmtb2y3qq27fve5ib3gk7uv2unt6ae2xss74xmfpur7k5uhl5m?filename=Albert%20Szymanski%20-%20Human%20Rights%20in%20the%20Soviet%20Union_%20Including%20Comparisons%20with%20the%20U.S.A.-Zed%20Books%20Ltd.%20%281984%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books Ltd|isbn=0862320186|lg=https://libgen.rs/book/index.php?md5=C597B1232D9EA6B0F3DCB438D7E15A81}}</ref>
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| === Soviet republic ===
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| {{Main article|Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1991)}}
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| [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1991)|Soviet Russia]] ceded the western part of Belarus to [[Republic of Poland (1918–1939)|Poland]] in a 1921 peace treaty ending the [[Polish–Soviet War]]. The [[Workers' and Peasants' Red Army|Red Army]] reunified western Belarus with the Belarusian SSR in 1939.<ref name=":02" />
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| === Capitalist era ===
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| In 1991, Soviet Union held a referendum on its preservation and 83% of Belarus's population voted to remain in the USSR.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=Direct Democracy|title=Sowjetunion, 17. März 1991 : Weiterbestand der UdSSR als Föderation gleichberechtigter und souveräner Staaten|date=1991-03-17|url=https://www.sudd.ch/event.php?lang=en&id=su011991|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219124233/https://www.sudd.ch/event.php?lang=en&id=su011991|archive-date=2022-02-19|retrieved=2022-05-10}}</ref>
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| [[Stanislav Shushkevich]], chairman of the [[Supreme Soviet of Belarus]], signed the [[Belavezha Accords]] in December 1991 along with [[Leonid Kravchuk]] from [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukraine]] and [[Boris Yeltsin]] from [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russia]]. This led to the illegal dissolution of the Soviet Union.<ref>{{News citation|newspaper=France 24|title=Ex-Belarus leader Stanislav Shushkevich, who helped dissolve USSR, dies at 87|date=2022-05-04|url=https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220504-ex-belarus-leader-stanislav-shushkevich-who-helped-dissolve-ussr-dies-at-87|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506182926/https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20220504-ex-belarus-leader-stanislav-shushkevich-who-helped-dissolve-ussr-dies-at-87|archive-date=2022-05-06|retrieved=2022-05-10}}</ref>
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| ==== 2020 color revolution attempt ====
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| [[File:International Reactions to 2020 Belarus Election.svg|alt=Imperialist Western countries criticized the election, while the socialist and anti-imperialist world congratulated the elected president |thumb|217x217px|Green: Congratulatory remarks to Lukashenko | | [[File:International Reactions to 2020 Belarus Election.svg|alt=Imperialist Western countries criticized the election, while the socialist and anti-imperialist world congratulated the elected president |thumb|217x217px|Green: Congratulatory remarks to Lukashenko |
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| Blue: Belarus ]] | | Blue: Belarus ]] |
| Following the 2020 presidential election where president Lukashenko was re-elected, Western Imperialist observers and their lapdogs criticized the results of the election, while promoting the anti-Lukashenko protestors in a [[United States of America|US]] NGO-supported [[colour revolution]].<ref>Dissident Voice (2020) [https://dissidentvoice.org/2020/08/belarus-a-color-revolution-of-a-different-shade/ Belarus: A Color Revolution of a Different Shade?]</ref><ref>The Moscow Times (2020) [https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/08/06/a-color-revolution-in-belarus-not-yet-a71065 A Color Revolution in Belarus? Not Yet.]</ref><ref>Greanville Post (2020) [https://www.greanvillepost.com/2020/08/15/¶-belarus-this-color-revolution-is-already-dead-the-union-state-has-killed-it/ Belarus – This Color Revolution Is Already Dead. The Union State Has Killed It.]</ref> The protestors were armed with Molotov cocktails<ref name=":1">{{Web citation|author=Nadezhda Sablina|newspaper=[[Red Patriot]]|title=The Struggle for Belarusian Sovereignty: Interview with Belarusian Anti-Imperialist|date=2022-07-19|url=https://redpat.org/2022/07/the-struggle-for-belarusian-sovereignty-interview-with-belarusian-anti-imperialist/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719223632/https://redpat.org/2022/07/the-struggle-for-belarusian-sovereignty-interview-with-belarusian-anti-imperialist/|archive-date=2022-07-19|retrieved=2022-08-31}}</ref> and received over $2.5 million from the [[National Endowment for Democracy|NED]], an arm of the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]].<ref>{{Web citation|date=2022-12-21|title=Nobel Peace Prize Winners Have Deep CIA Ties|url=https://covertactionmagazine.com/2022/12/21/nobel-peace-prize-winners-have-deep-cia-ties/|newspaper=[[CovertAction Magazine]]|retrieved=2022-12-21|author=[[Jeremy Kuzmarov]]}}</ref> | | Following the 2020 presidential election where president Lukashenko was re-elected, Western Imperialist observers and their lapdogs criticized the results of the election, while promoting the anti-Lukashenko protestors in what appeared to be a US NGO-supported [[colour revolution]].<ref>Dissident Voice (2020) [https://dissidentvoice.org/2020/08/belarus-a-color-revolution-of-a-different-shade/ Belarus: A Color Revolution of a Different Shade?]</ref><ref>The Moscow Times (2020) [https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/08/06/a-color-revolution-in-belarus-not-yet-a71065 A Color Revolution in Belarus? Not Yet.]</ref><ref>Greanville Post (2020) [https://www.greanvillepost.com/2020/08/15/¶-belarus-this-color-revolution-is-already-dead-the-union-state-has-killed-it/ Belarus – This Color Revolution Is Already Dead. The Union State Has Killed It.]</ref> |
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| ==== Arrest of terrorist Roman Protasevich ====
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| In 2021 the [[Neo-Nazism|neo-Nazi]] terrorist [[Roman Protasevich]] boarded a flight from [[Hellenic Republic|Greece]] to Lithuania. While the plane crossed over Belarusian airspace, it was ordered to land by state authorities.<ref name=":0">The Grayzone (2021) [https://thegrayzone.com/2021/05/26/belarus-roman-protasevich-plane-nazis-ukraine/ US-funded Belarusian regime-change activist arrested on plane joined neo-Nazis in Ukraine]</ref> Protasevich was a member of the neo-Nazi militant organisations Young Front, Pahonia Detachment, and fought alongside the neo-Nazi militant organisation [[Azov Battalion]].<ref>FOIA research (2021) [https://www.foiaresearch.net/person/roman-protasevich Roman Protasevich]</ref>
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| The incident triggered a wave of denunciations by Western governments and aggressive [[Economic sanctions|sanctions]] on Belarus, since the US uses these neo-Nazi groups to advance their imperialist aims.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{News citation|journalist=Shane Quinn|date=2019-04-19|title=US and NATO's Ongoing Support for Neo-Nazis in Ukraine|url=https://popularresistance.org/us-and-natos-ongoing-support-for-neo-nazis-in-ukraine/|newspaper=[[Popular Resistance]]|archive-url=|archive-date=|retrieved=}}</ref>
| | === Arrest of terrorist Roman Protasevich === |
| | In 2021 the terrorist Roman Protasevich boarded a flight from Greece to Lithuania. While the plane crossed over Belarussian airspace, it was ordered to land by state authorities.<ref name=":0">The Grayzone (2021) [https://thegrayzone.com/2021/05/26/belarus-roman-protasevich-plane-nazis-ukraine/ US-funded Belarusian regime-change activist arrested on plane joined neo-Nazis in Ukraine]</ref> Protasevich was a member of the neo-nazi militant organisations Young Front, Pahonia Detachment, and fought alongside the neo-nazi militant organisation [[Azov Battalion]].<ref>FOIA research (2021) [https://www.foiaresearch.net/person/roman-protasevich Roman Protasevich]</ref> |
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| == Politics ==
| | The incident triggered a wave of denunciations by Western governments, and aggressive sanctions on Belarus.<ref name=":0" /> |
| The [[Liberalism|liberal]] Belarusian opposition is led by the [[Belarusian Popular Front]] and the [[United Civil Party]].<ref name=":1" /> | |
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| == References == | | == References == |
| <references /> | | <references /> |
| [[Category:Countries]] | | [[Category:Countries]] |
| [[Category:Targets of regime change operations]]
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| [[Category:Countries targeted by imperialist aggression]]
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| [[Category:European countries]]
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| [[Category:Anti-imperialist states]]
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