Editing Republic of Ecuador

{{Infobox country|name=Republic of Ecuador|native_name=República del Ecuador<br>Ikwadur Ripuwlika<br>Ekuatur Nunka|image_flag=Flag of Ecuador.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of Ecuador.svg|capital=Quito|largest_city=Quito|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|image_map=Ecuador map.png|map_width=260|official_languages=Spanish|recognized_regional_languages=Kichwa<br>Shuar|area_km2=256,370|population_estimate=17,715,822|population_estimate_year=2021}}

The '''Republic of Ecuador''' is a country in [[Latin America]]. It has a population of about 17,300,000 people, the majority of mixed [[Europe|European]] and Indigenous peoples. Besides Spanish, Kichwa and Shuar are officially recognized indigenous languages by the Ecuadorian state.

== History ==

=== Liberal revolution ===
General [[Eloy Alfaro]] led a [[Bourgeois revolution|liberal revolution]] in 1895 against the [[Conservatism|conservative]] [[Landlord|landowning]] state and reduced the political influence of the [[Catholic Church]]. After a lynch mob killed Alfaro in 1912, the [[bourgeoisie]] formed an alliance with coastal elites against the [[Proletariat|workers]].<ref name=":0">{{Web citation|date=2022-03-30|title=Nela Martínez Espinosa (1912–2004) Women of Struggle, Women in Struggle|url=https://thetricontinental.org/studies-feminisms-3-nela-martinez/|newspaper=[[Tricontinental]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126201027/https://thetricontinental.org/studies-feminisms-3-nela-martinez/|archive-date=2022-11-26|retrieved=2023-02-10}}</ref>

=== Anti-fascist movement ===
[[German Reich (1933–1945)|German]], [[Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)|Italian]], and [[Spanish State (1939–1975)|Spanish]] [[Fascism|fascists]] widely infiltrated Ecuador during the 1930s. In 1940, [[Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río]] became President and attempted to reserve [[Progressivism|progressive]] policies of [[nationalization]] and labor rights. [[Republic of Peru|Peru]] invaded southern Ecuador in 1941 and seized almost half of Ecuador's territory. The people rose up to overthrow Arroyo in May 1944, but [[José María Velasco Ibarra]] betrayed the revolt and made himself dictator.<ref name=":0" />

=== CIA infiltration ===
During [[Populism|populist]] [[José Velasco]]'s campaign, [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] agent Bob Weatherwax directed the police to shoot at Velasco's supporters, killing five and wounding many more.

Velasco came to power in September 1960 after winning a decisive election victory. He was not a socialist but refused to break diplomatic relations with [[Republic of Cuba|Cuba]] or persecute the [[Communist Party of Ecuador]]. The CIA then infiltrated Ecuador and spread [[Anti-communism|anti-communist]] propaganda. The CIA bombed churches and right-wing organizations and blamed it on leftists and joined left-wing organizations as [[Agent provocateur|agent provocateurs]].

In November 1961, the military ousted Velasco and put Vice President Carlos Julio Arosemana in power. The CIA released a notice claiming that a moderate vice presidential candidate was supported by the Communist Party. This notice resulted in Congress choosing a CIA agent as the new vice president. President Arosemana refused to break relations with Cuba until the military forced him to in March 1962.

Due to the excessive control of the military and CIA, an uprising began, which was defeated by [[United States of America|US]]-trained paratroopers. On 11 July 1963, tanks surrounded the presidential palace and replaced Arosemana with a military junta. The first act of the junta was to outlaw [[communism]].<ref>{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2004|title=Killing Hope|title-url=https://williamblum.org/books/killing-hope|chapter=Ecuador, 1960 to 1963: A Textbook of Dirty Tricks|chapter-url=https://williamblum.org/chapters/killing-hope/ecuador|publisher=Common Courage Press|isbn=9781567512526}}</ref>

== References ==
[[Category:Countries]]
[[Category:Latin American countries]]
[[Category:Global south]]