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{{Infobox country|name=Republic of El Salvador|native_name=República de El Salvador|image_flag=Flag of El Salvador.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of El Salvador.svg|capital=San Salvador|largest_city=San Salvador|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Unitary presidential republic | {{Infobox country|name=Republic of El Salvador|native_name=República de El Salvador|image_flag=Flag of El Salvador.svg|image_coat=Coat of arms of El Salvador.svg|capital=San Salvador|largest_city=San Salvador|mode_of_production=[[Capitalism]]|government_type=Unitary presidential republic|image_map=El Salvador map.png|map_width=290|official_languages=Spanish|area_km2=21,041|population_estimate=6,568,745|population_estimate_year=2022}} | ||
'''El Salvador''', officially the '''Republic of El Salvador''', is a country in Central America | '''El Salvador''', officially the '''Republic of El Salvador''', is a country in Central America. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
The [[United States of America|United States]] invaded El Salvador in 1932<ref name=":0222">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|chapter=The Military Opens Doors|page=210|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520972070|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05}}</ref> to crush a [[Peasantry|peasant]] rebellion. | The [[United States of America|United States]] invaded El Salvador in 1932<ref name=":0222">{{Citation|author=David Vine|year=2020|title=The United States of War|chapter=The Military Opens Doors|page=210|city=Oakland|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520972070|lg=http://library.lol/main/191568BFAC73F009132DB00ECD0F0F05}}</ref> to crush a [[Peasantry|peasant]] rebellion. | ||
A progressive government took power for nine months in 1944. In October 1960, after [[police]] killed students protesting for civil liberties, progressive elements of the military overthrew the government before being overthrown three months later by the USA. | A progressive government took power for nine months in 1944. In October 1960, after [[police]] killed students protesting for civil liberties, progressive elements of the military overthrew the government before being overthrown three months later by the USA. | ||
The [[National Coalition Party]] claimed victory in the 1967 elections and banned a major opposition party that supported agrarian reform. In 1972, a center-left coalition led by [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Democracy|democrat]] Jose Napoleon Duarte stood for election. The government rigged the election against the coalition.<ref name=":1" /> | The [[National Coalition Party]] claimed victory in the 1967 elections and banned a major opposition party that supported agrarian reform. In 1972, a center-left coalition led by [[Christianity|Christian]] [[Democracy|democrat]] Jose Napoleon Duarte stood for election. The government rigged the election against the coalition.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
=== Civil war === | === Civil war === | ||
After a similar election in 1977, government forces killed hundreds of protestors and exiled opposition leaders. Protests, [[Strike action|strikes]], and [[guerrilla warfare]] began against the state. In 1979, a group of soldiers overthrew General [[Carlos Romero]] gave some government positions to civilians, but the USA pressured them to keep the military in power and they resigned in early 1980. In January 1980, the [[Salvadorean Communist Party]] joined the guerrilla movement. | After a similar election in 1977, government forces killed hundreds of protestors and exiled opposition leaders. Protests, [[Strike action|strikes]], and [[guerrilla warfare]] began against the state. In 1979, a group of soldiers overthrew General [[Carlos Romero]] gave some government positions to civilians, but the USA pressured them to keep the military in power and they resigned in early 1980. In January 1980, the [[Salvadorean Communist Party]] joined the guerrilla movement. | ||
Statesian president [[Jimmy Carter]] gave $10 million in military aid to the Salvadorean military in 1981, and his successor [[Ronald Reagan]] gave billions. The [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]] and [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] trained pilots and gunners for the military junta, and Statesian mercenaries were directly involved in combat. In December 1981, military forces killed over 700 civilians in the village of El Mozote. USA-backed death squads killed tens of thousands of civilians. In 1992, the war ended after the [[United Nations]] organized a ceasefire. | Statesian president [[Jimmy Carter]] gave $10 million in military aid to the Salvadorean military in 1981, and his successor [[Ronald Reagan]] gave billions. The [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military]] and [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] trained pilots and gunners for the military junta, and Statesian mercenaries were directly involved in combat. In December 1981, military forces killed over 700 civilians in the village of El Mozote. USA-backed death squads killed tens of thousands of civilians. In 1992, the war ended after the [[United Nations]] organized a ceasefire. | ||
In 1994, the right-wing [[Nationalist Republican Alliance|ARENA]] party took power.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2003|title=Killing Hope|chapter=El Salvador 1980-1994: Human rights, Washington style|page=353–365|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedfo2kzml5sodng4rtlybjdvertim3nybowazzlo6rztq6khixbv4?filename=William%20Blum%20-%20Killing%20Hope_%20US%20Military%20and%20CIA%20Interventions%20Since%20World%20War%20II-Zed%20Books%20Ltd%20%282003%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=1842773682}}</ref> | In 1994, the right-wing [[Nationalist Republican Alliance|ARENA]] party took power.<ref name=":1">{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2003|title=Killing Hope|chapter=El Salvador 1980-1994: Human rights, Washington style|page=353–365|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedfo2kzml5sodng4rtlybjdvertim3nybowazzlo6rztq6khixbv4?filename=William%20Blum%20-%20Killing%20Hope_%20US%20Military%20and%20CIA%20Interventions%20Since%20World%20War%20II-Zed%20Books%20Ltd%20%282003%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=1842773682}}</ref> | ||
== References == | == References == | ||