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Jacobo Árbenz was elected President of Guatemala in 1951. He redistributed land to 100,000 [[Peasantry|peasants]] and improved [[Trade union|unionization]] rights. The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] began planning to overthrow him in 1952. In 1954, the CIA bombed Guatemala and overthrew its government. Árbenz asked the [[United Nations]] and [[Organization of American States|OAS]] for help against the coup. [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Dwight Eisenhower]] claimed that Guatemala was a [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] puppet state, but Guatemala and the Soviet Union had no diplomatic relations or embassies.<ref name=":1" /> | Jacobo Árbenz was elected President of Guatemala in 1951. He redistributed land to 100,000 [[Peasantry|peasants]] and improved [[Trade union|unionization]] rights. The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] began planning to overthrow him in 1952. In 1954, the CIA bombed Guatemala and overthrew its government. Árbenz asked the [[United Nations]] and [[Organization of American States|OAS]] for help against the coup. [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Dwight Eisenhower]] claimed that Guatemala was a [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991)|Soviet]] puppet state, but Guatemala and the Soviet Union had no diplomatic relations or embassies.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
=== | === Fuentes dictatorship === | ||
In November 1960, the military began a nationalist rebellion against Fuentes. The rebels, who included up to half of Guatemala's soldiers, took over two military bases. The CIA and [[Cuba|Cuban]] exiles bombed rebel-controlled areas, ending the rebellion within days.<ref>{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2003|title=Killing Hope|chapter=Guatemala 1960: One good coup deserves another|page=146|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedfo2kzml5sodng4rtlybjdvertim3nybowazzlo6rztq6khixbv4?filename=William%20Blum%20-%20Killing%20Hope_%20US%20Military%20and%20CIA%20Interventions%20Since%20World%20War%20II-Zed%20Books%20Ltd%20%282003%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=1842773682}}</ref> | In November 1960, the military began a nationalist rebellion against Fuentes. The rebels, who included up to half of Guatemala's soldiers, took over two military bases. The CIA and [[Cuba|Cuban]] exiles bombed rebel-controlled areas, ending the rebellion within days.<ref>{{Citation|author=William Blum|year=2003|title=Killing Hope|chapter=Guatemala 1960: One good coup deserves another|page=146|pdf=https://cloudflare-ipfs.com/ipfs/bafykbzacedfo2kzml5sodng4rtlybjdvertim3nybowazzlo6rztq6khixbv4?filename=William%20Blum%20-%20Killing%20Hope_%20US%20Military%20and%20CIA%20Interventions%20Since%20World%20War%20II-Zed%20Books%20Ltd%20%282003%29.pdf|city=London|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=1842773682}}</ref> | ||